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Pharyngitis
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Glandular fever is a common, acute, systemic viral infection caused by EBV. IM is primarily a disease of young adults and the incubation period is 5–7 weeks. The most common symptom is tender cervical adenopathy, accompanied by sore throat. Pharyngeal signs range from acute follicular tonsillitis, profuse exudate, petechiae on the soft palate and sometimes a PTA. Airway obstruction can be seen, as well as periorbital oedema (Hoagland sign) and cranial nerve neuropathies.
Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which are associated with B cell lymphomas, nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas. The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is the virus of herpes family, and it is one of the most common viruses in humans. It is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis – glandular fever. The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is linked to the development of a variety of human malignancies, including Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, some T cell lymphomas, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and certain cancers of the stomach and smooth muscle and central nervous system lymphomas associated with HIV (Baumforth et al. 1999; Kanda et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2021; Vockerodt et al. 2015).
Infection and immunology
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
5.27. Which of the following is/are common presentations of infants with HIV infection?Failure to thrive.Developmental delay.Chronic diarrhoea.Glandular fever-like illness.Recurrent bacterial pneumonia.
Treatment outcomes of acute streptococcal tonsillitis according to antibiotic treatment. A retrospective analysis of 242,366 cases treated in the community
Published in European Journal of General Practice, 2022
Mattan Bar-Yishay, Ilan Yehoshua, Avital Bilitzky, Yan Press
Of special interest and possible clinical significance among our findings was the reduced number of peritonsillar abscesses and other complications seen with amoxicillin use, even compared to penicillin-V. This suggests that among young adults, who are most often treated with penicillin-V, but are more likely than children to develop complications, treatment with amoxicillin may be preferable to penicillin-V. However, amoxicillin showed higher re-consultation rates compared to penicillin-V in our study, and the potential for adverse effects with amoxicillin treatment in the case of infectious mononucleosis (i.e. acute glandular fever) should be taken into account. In line with our findings of reduced follow-up visits associated with penicillin-V, a study by Moore et al. showed that prescriptions other than penicillin-V, including amoxicillin, were associated with a greater risk of re-consultations within four weeks [37]. While the rate of complications seen in our study are similar to rates described in previous studies [5,38–40], studies comparing complication rates with different antibiotic treatments are scarce and underpowered [10], and non-suppurative sequels were not described at all in these studies. Our search could not identify any studies supporting or contradicting our findings of reduced complications with amoxicillin treatment.
Is post-COVID syndrome an autoimmune disease?
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2022
Juan-Manuel Anaya, María Herrán, Santiago Beltrán, Manuel Rojas
Over the years, different health crises have arisen caused by viruses or bacteria, such as the Spanish flu, polio, and Ebola. Strikingly, some of the affected patients developed symptoms after the resolution of the disease, as in the case of Spanish influenza, where cases of encephalitis lethargica were reported. Polio also caused a post-polio syndrome [44], and the emergence of autoimmunity has been described in Ebola virus disease survivors [45]. Other examples are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV – glandular fever) and Ross River virus (epidemic polyarthritis), which are commonly associated with long-lasting disabling symptomatology [46,47]. Fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, neurocognitive compromise, and mood disturbances are the most common clinical manifestations after acute disease [47]. Such clinical features may last about six months and may be associated with the acute infection’s severity [47].
Infectious Mononucleosis: diagnosis and clinical interpretation
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2021
P Naughton, M Healy, F Enright, B Lucey
An early documented description of this distinct clinical syndrome was made by the German physician, Emil Pfeiffer in 1889. Pfeiffer used the German term ‘Drüsenfieber’, translated to glandular fever [29], to describe the clinical condition of the characteristic triad of symptoms of fever, lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph glands) particularly the cervical lymph glands of the neck (cervical lymphadenopathy) and pharyngitis [7,24,30–32]. Other less common symptoms of the disease include general malaise, fatigue and more uncommonly splenomegaly, swollen liver, and skin rash [9,19,24,33,34], although not all cases present clinically in the same way. Typical cases of IM present with at least two of the characteristic triad of symptoms but atypical cases can present differently and an appreciation of this is important when it comes to diagnostic investigation [5,11,23,30].