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Diseases of the Hepatobiliary Tree and Pancreas Associated with Fever
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Clonorchiasis — This is caused by the Oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, is endemic in the Far East and may present with a febrile course. The most common complication is recurrent pyogenic cholangitis or Oriental cholangiohepatitis, which is characterized by repeated bouts of abdominal pain and fever, associated with jaundice, hepatomegaly, and frequently, eosinophilia. Intravenous cholangiography may demonstrate dilated intrahepatic bile ducts with partial filling defects which represent flukes. Tiny opercular ova observed in the feces will confirm the diagnosis. The complications, pancreatitis and cholangiocarcinoma, may sometimes evolve with a febrile course.
Clonorchis
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
There are a number of regional and global factors that contribute to the clonorchiasis transmission, in particular, eating meals of raw or minimally processed fish (sushi, sashimi, sliced raw fish, raw fish salad, fermented fish, seviche, carpaccio, etc.). In addition to primary infestation, it promotes reinfestation, which in humans is more severe than in most other mammals. The situation is aggravated by the phenomenally long period (tens of years) of C. sinensis parasitism, in which the intensity of invasion can reach an extremely high level (more than 20,000).6,24,51,52
Praziquantel
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
A phase II clinical trial of a single dose of a sustained-release praziquantel preparation (at 30 mg/kg) in the treatment of clonorchiasis showed a cure rate of only 60% (Choi et al., 2006). Given the current complexity of the dose regimen for the treatment of clonorchiasis, a sustained-release praziquantel preparation would appear advantageous, and further development of this approach is anticipated.
Fish-borne trematode infections in wild fishes in Bangladesh
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Sharmin S. Labony, M. Abdul Alim, Muhammad Mehedi Hasan, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Ausraful Islam, Mohammad Zahangir Alam, Naotoshi Tsuji
In the present study, the MC of Clonorchis/Opisthorchis were detected in all types of fish species examined, suggesting that these fishes play roles as the second intermediate hosts of opisthorchid flukes. C. sinensis is the most significant species of FBTs in Southeast Asia [31–33]. Until now, endemic areas of clonorchiasis included China, South Korea, North Vietnam, Taiwan, and Far East Russia [34]. A nationwide survey in China revealed that 102 species of fishes act as the second intermediate hosts of Clonorchis [35]. In Korea, Pungtungia herzi, Ladislabia taczanowskii, and Acheilognathus rhombeus fishes were identified as the second intermediate hosts of C. sinensis [36]. On the other hand, only two fish species have been shown to act as the second intermediate hosts for O. viverrini in Phu Yen province, Vietnam, which is considered to be the ‘hot spot’ of the parasite. The prevalence of O. viverrini was 10–29% in the crucian carp, Carassius carassius, in Phu Yen province [37] and 1.9% in the snakehead fish, Channa striata, in An Giang province in southern Vietnam [38]. The MC of O. viverrini have been detected in fishes of the genera Carassius, Channa, Cyclocheilicthys, Hampala, Esomus, Osteochilus, Puntioplites, and Puntius [39].
A retrospective administrative database analysis of the association between clonorchiasis or helminthiasis and the development of cholelithiasis
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
Chien-Hua Chen, Cheng-Li Lin, Chung Y. Hsu, Chia-Hung Kao
In conclusion, our population-based cohort study demonstrated that PI is associated with an increased risk of cholelithiasis. Clonorchiasis is related to the development of stones in the bile ducts and the gallbladder. However, helminthiasis is associated with the development of only gallstones. However, it requires more international studies to clarify the association between helminthiasis and bile duct stones due to its high aHR and rare case number of PI in our study. Our study supports the education and survey programs for cholelithiasis in patients with PI, but it requires more studies to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism between cholelithiasis and PI.
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
IPNBs are rare and comprise 9% to 38% of all bile duct tumors.3 Most cases of IPNB have high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or an associated invasive carcinoma. In a study by Rocha et al, invasive carcinoma was seen in 29 of 39 cases (74%) of IPNB.4 There is wide geographic variation, and the disease is more commonly seen in Far Eastern countries due to endemic risk factors such as hepatolithiasis and clonorchiasis. IPNBs can be detected by ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging and show bile duct dilatation and intraductal masses. Cholangioscopy can also show bile duct dilatation with mucin hypersecretion.