China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
COVID-19 and MIS-C
Published in Jason Liebowitz, Philip Seo, David Hellmann, Michael Zeide, Clinical Innovation in Rheumatology, 2023
Jordan E. Roberts, Mary Beth Son
Laboratory findings reported in MIS-C include elevated inflammatory markers (as required by most diagnostic criteria), elevated D-dimer, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and relative or absolute thrombocytopenia. Cardiac enzyme abnormalities, including elevated troponin T and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), are common in those with cardiac involvement (Dufort, Whittaker, Feldstein NEJM). Ferritin is typically elevated, though not as dramatically as in macrophage-activation syndrome (Lee). Transaminitis may occur late in the illness after other laboratory features have begun to normalize. Although procalcitonin has been reported as a marker of bacterial infection and is also observed in patients with critical illness due to viruses, elevated procalcitonin appears to be a feature of MIS-C and, therefore, should not be relied upon as a marker of bacterial infection in this setting (Memar, Gautman, Roberts, Kelly).
Urothelial and Urethral Cancer
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Ibrahim Jubber, Karl H. Pang, James W.F. Catto
Prognostic factors include:Age, tobacco consumption, performance status, co-morbidity.Tumour focality, location, grade.Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, hydronephrosis.CIS, LVI, tumour architecture, positive surgical margins, variant histology, tumour necrosis.
Biomarkers for the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Published in Sherry X. Yang, Janet E. Dancey, Handbook of Therapeutic Biomarkers in Cancer, 2021
Weijie Ma, Sixi Wei, Eddie C. Tian, Tianhong Li
Several recent studies showed that ICIs could increase the absolute number of lymphocytes, restore the function in exhausted CD8+ T cells, and induce phenotypic and functional changes of effector immune cells. PD-L1 expressed on the surface of TILs may be correlated to the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in NSCLC [113]. Examination of blood-derived parameters, including absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), could identify responders to immune checkpoint inhibition. A prospective study of 720 patients with metastatic MM shows that elevated ANC levels are associated with a significant decrease in the OS and PFS of the patients treated with ipilimumab. High absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) measured before and during ipilimumab treatment are linked to prolonged PFS [51, 52]. High dNLR, defined as the ratio of pretreatment neutrophils/(leukocytes minus neutrophils), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were associated with resistance to ICI treatment. A lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) based on a dNLR greater than 3 and LDH greater than the upper limit of normal was correlated with worse outcomes for immunotherapy. Median OS for poor, intermediate, and good LIPI was 3 months, 10 months, and 34 months, respectively [53]. In a subgroup analysis of patients treated with ipilimumab in a phase II trial, higher baseline C-reaction protein (CRP) levels were associated with significantly improved freedom from relapse and a marginally significant improvement in relapse-free survival [54].
Research progress and value of albumin-related inflammatory markers in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer: a review of clinical evidence
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Chuan-long Zhang, Meng-qi Gao, Xiao-chen Jiang, Xue Pan, Xi-yuan Zhang, Yi Li, Qian Shen, Yan Chen, Bo Pang
Inflammation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) is characterized by the presence of host leukocytes in both stroma and tumour sites [37]. White blood cells include neutrophils and lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes, with neutrophils and lymphocytes being the most strongly associated with inflammation [38]. Current studies have shown that neutrophils play a key role at different stages of tumour development. TME can influence the emergence of distinct neutrophil phenotypes that give rise to several key mediators associated with tumour growth and aggressiveness. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a commonly used marker of systemic inflammation. NLR >5 is generally considered to indicate ongoing systemic inflammation [39]. NLR can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibitors [40]. LMR has also been used as one of the markers of systemic inflammation [41,42]. In recent years, the role of platelet count in inflammation has also been gradually appreciated [43,44]. The emergence of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) threatens the status of NLR to some extent [45,46]. Thus we describe albumin-related inflammatory markers based on peripheral blood cells, mainly including PNI, advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), Alb concentration combined with NLR (COA-NLR), NLR × D-dimer count/albumin (NLDA), albumin and neutrophil combined prognostic grade (ANPG) and HALP. Their definitions were detailed in Table 3.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival of patients with rectal cancer receiving neo-adjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical resection: a meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2023
Giuseppe Colloca, Antonella Venturino, Domenico Guarneri
These results are stimulating new studies for the identification of prognostic factors, in order to select more appropriate treatment strategies in the individual patient. Indeed, the response to preoperative chemoradiation varies widely among patients. To date, outside the local extension and radiological characteristics of RC, there are no baseline variables that can predict OS and/or DFS, and consequently can allow to identify the patients for whom a watch-and-wait approach could be indicated or those candidates for a subsequent surgical resection, or more intensive treatments. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an indicator of the systemic immune response (SIR) of the host to various diseases, including cancer [6]. In contrast to colon tumors, NLR remains debated as a prognostic factor of patients, with RC receiving chemoradiation and TME.
Dynamic changes of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in brain-dead donors and delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Yongfang Zhang, Rumin Liu, Xiaolin Zhao, Zhiyu Ou, Shengnan Wang, Dongmei Wang, Kaibin Huang, Suyue Pan, Yongming Wu
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inexpensive, easy-obtained, widely available parameter to evaluate inflammation status. Previous literature suggested the predictive role of NLR in outcomes of many diseases including stroke, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease [10–12]. Dynamic changes of NLR have been reported to be related to acute kidney injury (AKI) [13–15]. Parlar et al. showed that increased NLR was related to postoperative AKI in cardiovascular surgery patients [14]. In addition, the association between NLR in kidney transplant recipients and graft outcome (e.g., incidence of DGF and acute rejection) has been investigated. They concluded that NLR value in recipients reflects the potential inflammatory state [16–18]. However, the optimal cut-off value of NLR remains inconsistent due to differences in the time point of blood samples, the calculating method, and clinical characteristics of the patient cohorts.