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The Many Faces of Neoplasia
Published in Jeremy R. Jass, Understanding Pathology, 2020
The third major category of cancer encompasses the haematological malignancies: leukaemia and lymphoma. Leukemia arises from the bone marrow, which is responsible for generating red blood cells and most of the white blood cells found in the circulation. Lymphomas arise within lymph nodes, the spleen or the more diffuse masses of extranodal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue such as the tonsils. Hodgkin’s disease is a particular type of lymphoma. All lymphomas are malignant; benign tumours of lymphoid tissue are not recognised, though some lymphomas are very slow-growing and, particularly in the elderly, pose little or no threat to health. Lymphomas are typically white, soft and homogeneous on sectioning.
The Lymphatic/Immune System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Lymphocytes are chiefly formed in lymphoid tissue and can become "sensitized' to specific antigens. Bursa-equivalent lymphocytes (commonly called B-lymphocytes, B-cells, or thymus-independentlymphocytes) are formed primarily in lymphoid tissue of the gastrointestinal tract, although other sites also produce B-cells. Bursa-equivalent lymphocytes are named for the "bursa of Fabricius," the source of analogous cells in birds, although they are not formed in bursae in humans. When exposed to an antigen, B-lymphocytes become committed or sensitized. Antigens are primarily proteins, lipoprotein complexes, or polysaccharides and are found in toxins, bacterial cells, virus particles, or other foreign materials. They are said to be immunogenic ("causing immunity") since they produce an immune response. When a B-lymphocyte is sensitized, it divides many times and matures into a plasma cell, which produces antibodies that react with the specific antigen.
Involvement of Dopamine with Various Cancers
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
Table 13.1 presents the designation of hematopoietic malignancies by cells of origin and duration of the disease. Leukemias have cells that circulate in peripheral blood and can originate in lymph nodes or bone marrow. Lymphomas generally form solid masses in lymph nodes or organs containing lymphoid tissue but may occasionally have circulating tumor cells as well. Leukemias and lymphomas can also be defined as being chronic or acute. Chronic neoplasms are of longer duration and are slowly progressive, while acute neoplasms are of shorter duration and are rapidly progressing.
Activation of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Diabetic Patients
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Yuting Liu, Jingrao Wang, Xin Jin, Yingbin Wang, Yan Shi, Nan Zhang, Rui Zhu, Yueyan Dong, Hong Zhang
We observed diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid follicles and selected 3 pictures of each part of the conjunctiva for further analysis. The diffuse lymphoid tissue is composed of lymphocytes in the epithelial layer and lamina propria. The cells in this layer mainly include T lymphocytes and plasma cells. The confocal microscopy images showed a layered structure composed of highly reflective, irregularly shaped cells. Follicles are oval-shaped structures located under the epithelial layer. Highly reflective parafollicular lymphocytes could be observed around the germinal center. Three images were selected for analysis of diffuse lymphoid tissue for each eye, and three images were analyzed for follicular-related parameters. A total of 768 IVCM images were analyzed for both eyes, and 192 IVCM images were analyzed for one eye in each group.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in thymus: a SEER analysis
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Meng-Xin Zhou, Ye-Ye Chen, Lei Liu, Gui-Ge Wang, Jia-Qi Zhang, Ke Zhao, Shan-Qing Li
Between 1 January 2000, and 31 December 2018, the present study retrieved patients diagnosed with thymic MALT lymphoma with treatment information from the SEER-18 Dataset. Data extraction was performed using SEER*Stat (version 8.3.9.2). First, all patients with diseases that developed from the thymus were searched by defining the primary site as the C37.9-thymus. After that, all MALT lymphoma cases, described as one of the subtypes of marginal-zone lymphomas (MZLS) – extranodal MZL of MALT – according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification [9], were searched by the specific histology/behavior code of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition (ICD-O-3), 9699/3: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosal-assoc. lymphoid tissue-MALT lymphoma. For identifying the missing cases, the cases with thymic MALT lymphoma were scanned from both search results. We did not set any exclusion criteria owing to the rarity of the disease. In addition, data regarding the following variables were retrieved: age, sex, year of diagnosis, race/ethnicity, Ann Arbor stage, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, survival months, and vital status. Finally, all extracted data were tabulated and presented in this study.
Lacrimal gland extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in the presence of amyloidosis
Published in Orbit, 2022
Chung Shen Chean, Vishakha Sovani, Ali Boden, Christopher Knapp
Orbital or ocular adnexal lymphoma accounts for 1–2% of all lymphomas, 8% of all extranodal lymphomas, and about 10% of all marginal zone lymphomas.2 Orbital lymphoma is not uncommon (approximately 24% of orbital tumours in adults aged 60 years or older),13 with lacrimal gland lymphomas representing 7% to 26% of orbital or ocular adnexal lymphomas.14 The most common form of lymphoma affecting the orbit is the extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma),15 a mature B-call neoplasm characterised by monotypic immunoglobulin light chain expression.8 It tends to develop in the presence of autoimmune disease and chronic inflammation and is typically a low-grade lymphoma which responds well to radiotherapy.8 Amyloid deposition in the presence of EMZL in the orbit is rare.16 There is only one case documenting co-existent lacrimal gland EMZL and amyloidosis in the literature.17