China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Replication
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
Concerning vaccine applications, Larifan significantly enhanced action of a commercial herpes vaccine in mice (Barinskii et al. 1993), enhanced specific antibody production, and at least doubled cell-mediated immune response by immunization of mice with recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine (Barinskii et al. 1994a). Moreover, Larifan used parenterally was combined with herpetic vaccine to treat severe recurrent herpes in 32 patients and led to amelioration of the clinical symptoms of recurrence (Potekaev et al. 1992). Ultrasonic spraying of Larifan solution was employed for treating acute herpetic stomatitis in 100 children (Mamedova et al. 1991). Interferon was found more effective by ultrasonic spraying, but Larifan was still effective enough. Furthermore, the drug demonstrated high antiviral efficacy against Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus strain Ondatra in experiments with laboratory animals. The drug prevented the death of 65% infected mice and significantly decreased infection severity in rabbits (Loginova et al. 2002). However, virus reproduction on cell culture was suppressed mildly, while human adenovirus serotype 2 was not suppressed by Larifan in vitro at all (Nosach et al. 1998). Immunomodulatory therapy with Larifan was studied in women with genital papillomavirus infection (Rogovskaya et al. 2002).
Neck
Published in A Sahib El-Radhi, James Carroll, Paediatric Symptom Sorter, 2017
A Sahib El-Radhi, James Carroll
In contrast to herpetic stomatitis caused by herpes virus, which has lesions on the gingiva, in herpangina (caused by coxsackievirus), there are discrete punctuate vesicles, surrounded by erythematous rings on the soft palate, anterior pillars and uvula and tonsils.
Oral Problems Associated with Gastrointestinal Disease
Published in John F. Pohl, Christopher Jolley, Daniel Gelfond, Pediatric Gastroenterology, 2014
Primary HSV infection occurs in young children approximately 1 week after contact with an infected child or adult. The infection may be subclinical or be associated with symptoms such as fever, malaise, irritability, or sleeplessness. The oral presentation includes red, edematous marginal gingivae that bleed easily, and clusters of small vesicles that become yellow after rupture surrounded by a red halo. The vesicles coalesce to form large, painful ulcers of the oral and perioral tissues. HSV remains latent in the trigeminal ganglion until it is reactivated. Reactivation occurs on the lips as herpes labialis, a vesicular eruption on the skin adjacent to the vermilion border of the lip. The vesicles rupture to form ulcers and crusts and heal without scarring in 1–2 weeks. In the oral cavity HSV presents as herpetic stomatitis and primary reactivation occurs on the hard palate or gingiva.
COVID-19 and oral diseases: Assessing manifestations of a new pathogen in oral infections
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2022
Afsar R. Naqvi, Joel Schwartz, Daniela Atili Brandini, Samantha Schaller, Heba Hussein, Araceli Valverde, Raza Ali Naqvi, Deepak Shukla
A case report by Dos Santos et al. [76] describes oral manifestation in COVID-19 positive male with comorbidities including hypertension and coronary disease. Oral examination of subject showed multiple yellowish ulcers on the tongue resembling the herpetic recurrent oral lesions. In addition to oral lesions, microbiological culture analysis showed presence of S. cerevisiae indicating candidiasis. Another case report by Bezerra et al. [77] described crateriform ulcers with necrotic background on the lip mucosa which was consistent with traumatic ulcer, herpetic stomatitis, or recurrent apthous ulceration, although the patient reported no previous episode of either herpetic stomatitis or recurrent aphthous ulcer and no associated trauma. Thus, multiple oral manifestations of COVID-19 were reported that might suggest secondary manifestation of the deterioration of systemic health or due to COVID-19 treatment. These observations support the hypothesis that COVID-19 infection may exacerbate manifestation of oral diseases either by perturbing local microbiome or impairment of oral mucosal immunity. While SARS-CoV-2 interaction with pathogenic oral bacteria or HHV and the mutual outcomes of this relationship remains to be uncovered, the initial studies indicate pronounced manifestation of oral bacteria and HHV in COVID-19 patients.
Virus-like particle-based nanocarriers as an emerging platform for drug delivery
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Bingchuan Yuan, Yang Liu, Meilin Lv, Yilei Sui, Shenghua Hou, Tinghui Yang, Zakia Belhadj, Yulong Zhou, Naidan Chang, Yachao Ren, Changhao Sun
Virus shapes can be divided into five important categories (Figure 2): spherical, filamentous, brick, bullet-shaped, and tadpole-shaped forms. Most human and animal viruses are spherical, for example, fusion VLPs of the hepatitis B core protein-based system [29]. Some plant viruses and newly isolated influenza viruses are filamentous, such as PVY CP VLPs [45]. Brick-shaped viruses include the smallpox [158] and vaccinia viruses. Rabies VLPs [159] and herpetic stomatitis virus are examples of bullet-shaped forms. Some phages are tadpole-shaped, such as phage HK243 [160]. In addition, VLP shape can be altered using genetic engineering techniques, which confers a huge advantage to VLPs as a drug delivery system. The surface properties of nanoparticles affect their distribution throughout the body, as nanocarriers have a large surface area [161]; these are the main factors affecting their distribution, mainly the mononuclear phagocytic system and opsonin. The positively charged nanocarriers adsorb onto the negatively charged membrane surface and usually enter the cell via electrostatic interaction. In contrast, negatively charged nanoparticles can be selectively internalised because of repulsion, whereas nanocarriers with mild negative charge can accumulate in tumour tissues. The type and density of nanoparticle surface charge are key factors in the design of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems. The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of nanoparticles can also affect clearance from the mononuclear phagocytic system; the clearance rate of hydrophilic nanomaterials is slower than that of hydrophobic nanoparticles [162]. Therefore, the surface of nanoparticles is usually modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to make them hydrophilic [163].
Oral manifestations of allograft recipients immediately before and after kidney transplantation
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento, Rosana Saint Clair Correia Aires Antunes, Marina Cristelli, Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva, Rafael Maciel, José Osmar Medina de Abreu Pestana, Marina Gallottini
In the 3rd time point, 4% of participants had oral HSV lesions. The literature shows that the long-term prevalence of oral HSV lesions in RTRs ranges from 0% to 11.3% in the post-transplant period [2,6–8,12,23–25], being the most common viral infection found in these individuals [26]. In our study, two patients presented extensive herpetic stomatitis in the lower and upper lips and nose, including oropharynx in one case.