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Case 3.14
Published in Monica Fawzy, Plastic Surgery Vivas for the FRCS(Plast), 2023
You mentioned the foreign body reaction. What is this?This is a complex immunological cascade that attempts to phagocytose foreign antigens.If this is unsuccessful, such as in the case of an implant, then :macrophages and fibroblasts accumulate to lay down collagen and develop a fibrous capsule to wall it off, andneutrophil infiltration and mast cell degradation cause an increase in IL-4 and a T-helper 2 allergy-mediated immune response.As I‘ve mentioned before, chronic activation of the immune cascade increases the risk of DNA alteration in overstimulated cells and may lead to activating JAK-STAT mutations in BIA-ALCL.
Prevention and Management of Complications
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Nicholas Moellhoff
The process of injecting filler involves breaking the skin, instrumental penetration within a tissue, and introducing filler substances. In other words, these treatments create surface wounds, tissue trauma, and foreign body reaction.
Candidiasis
Published in Rebecca A. Cox, Immunology of the Fungal Diseases, 2020
Judith E. Domer, Emily W. Carrow
In attempting to summarize what is known of CMI responses in humans as well as experimental animals, one is struck by the lack of standardization of antigens, techniques, and immunization protocols. Moreover, in several instances, investigators have employed particulate antigens. This creates problems in the interpretation of responses, since in vivo one may be dealing with B lymphocytes producing antibody in situ,219 and/or with foreign-body reactions or complement activation, the latter of which might be prolonged as antigens are slowly degraded and activated components are released gradually. In one study in humans,220 in fact, whole cells elicited a strong eosinophil response which persisted through 24 hr.
Foreign body granuloma development after calcium hydroxylapatite injection for stress urinary incontinence: A literature review and case report
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2023
David A. Csuka, John Ha, Andrew S. Hanna, Jisoo Kim, William Phan, Ahmed S. Ahmed, Gamal M. Ghoniem
The foreign body reaction is formally defined as an aggregation of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells at the interface between a biomaterial and native tissue, and it can be accompanied by an inflammatory response [8]. Particulate UBAs always rely on the foreign body reaction to achieve urethral coaptation even for successful injections. Histological results in rabbit laryngeal tissue showed severe giant cell aggregation (over 50% of slide area), light levels of lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate, mild fibrosis, and mild angiogenesis at both 3 and 12 weeks after CaHA injection. Mucosal inflammation was mildly prevalent at 3 weeks but normalized at 12 weeks [23]. Similar results were obtained when CaHA was used as a facial filler. Macrophages and giant cells persisted even at 24 weeks, and there was an initial transient inflammatory response caused mainly by histiocytes [24]. These findings of a long-term foreign body reaction even in the ordinary bulking process suggest that the term FBG should represent a gradient more than a binary classification. It is possible that the prevalence CaHA-induced FBGs is much higher than suggested by this review, as asymptomatic granulomas may never be discovered or labeled as such. Physicians should even consider leaving accidentally discovered, asymptomatic FBGs untouched as they can contribute to urethral coaptation if correctly positioned [17].
Chronic inflammatory reaction to bone wax in cochlear implantation: A case report and literature review
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2020
Kylen Van Osch, Peng You, Kim Zimmerman, John Yoo, Sumit K. Agrawal
To our knowledge, this is the first report of bone wax being described as causing a foreign body reaction following cochlear implantation. This should be considered in cases of inflammation not responding to conservative management, and especially if explantation is being considered. In retrospect, a foreign body reaction should have been on the differential diagnosis much earlier in this patient’s management. Although the electrode was saved, the presumed infection caused significant morbidity for the patient in terms of prolonged IV antibiotics, time away from school, and the inability to use the implant on the affected side. Based on this case, we have stopped using bone wax in the area of the electrode and soft tissues at our center. If bone wax must be used for hemostasis, we recommend judicious use in cochlear implant surgeries due to the risk of foreign body reaction and potential device failure.
Experimental Evaluation of a New Tissue Factor-Based Topical Hemostat (TT-173) for Treatment of Hepatic Bleeding
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2020
Alberto Centeno, Santiago Rojas, Belén Arias, Ignasi Miquel, Pilar Sánchez, Claudia Ureta, Esther Rincón, Ramón López, Jesús Murat
Rats are commonly used for toxicological studies, especially in those conducted for regulatory purposes under the guidelines of respective regulatory agencies and according with Good Laboratory Practices. However, it must be taken into consideration that the predisposition to develop foreign body reactions could differ between species. We cannot rule out the possibility of rabbits presenting pathological alterations when treated with TT-173. In any case, the occurrence of foreign body reaction is not a main concern for the use of TT-173. In fact, previous studies have shown that, once applied, TT-173 is eliminated from the application site on the first days after application [22]. In consequence, it is unlikely that the product might trigger any foreign body reactions given that the persistency in the lesion is necessary for their development.