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Photobiomodulation Therapy in Orthopedics
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
The “Super-Lizer” is a Japanese device that emits linear polarized infrared light. Imaoka et al. [98] tested it against a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis involving immunizing the rats with bovine type II collagen, after which they develop autoimmune inflammation in multiple joints. The found reductions in IL20 expression in histological sections taken from the PBM-treated joints and also in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte (MH7A) stimulated with IL1β.
Overview of JAK-STAT Pathways in Spondyloarthritis
Published in Siba P. Raychaudhuri, Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Debasis Bagchi, Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, 2017
Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Sanchita Raychaudhuri, Debasis Bagchi, Anand Swaroop, Siba P. Raychaudhuri
The efficacy of tofacitinib has been proposed mainly due to its regulatory role in T cells [16]. However, there are also reports suggesting that tofacitinib targets JAK1 and JAK2 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values similar to those of JAK3 [17]. JAK1 and JAK2 are expressed in nonimmune cells, including the joint synovial cells. These findings have opened opportunities to investigate other possible cellular targets for JAK inhibitors, such as their regulating role in keratinocyte biology in psoriasis and synovial cells (fibroblast-like synoviocyte [FLS]), in PsA, and in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [18,19].
Icariin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis via regulating miR-223-3p/NLRP3 signalling axis
Published in Autoimmunity, 2020
Zhi-Ming Wu, Jun Luo, Xiao-Dong Shi, Shao-Xin Zhang, Xiao-Bo Zhu, Jian Guo
Despite that many cell types exist in rheumatoid joint, fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) is considered to be the most abundant, and play key roles in inflammation process and cartilage destruction [1,27]. First, we determined the potential effects of icariin on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) cell function. As shown in Figure 1(A), icariin inhibited the viability of RA-FLS cells in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of icariin at 40 μM was used for further studies because it caused approximately 50% cells viability reduction in RA-FLS cells. In addition, cell proliferation by BrdU incorporation was also declined when treated with icariin (Figure 1(B)). Furthermore, PI/Annexin V-FITC dyeing result showed that icariin significantly increased RA-FLS cell apoptosis (Figure 1(C)). Meanwhile, western blot results showed that icariin treatment significantly reduced Bcl-2 expression, elevated Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 protein levels in RA-FLS cells (Figure 1(D)). In addition, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were also decreased by icariin (Figure 1€), suggesting icariin has an inhibitory effect on RA-FLS cell proliferation, inflammatory cytokines secretion and promote RA-FLS cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-223-3p level was increased compared with control after the treatment of icariin (Figure 1(F)).
Low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) for COVID-19-induced pneumopathy: a worth considering approach
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Fereshteh Koosha, Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi, Mohsen Bakhshandeh, Davood Bashash
Deloch et al. showed that macrophage phenotype under inflammatory conditions was transformed through irradiation; however, it was intensely reliant on the microenvironment. In this study, although there was no change in macrophage phenotype being in contact with supernatant of non-irradiated fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS), the expression of surface CD206 was considerably augmented and the transcriptional activity of CD80 and CD86 were moderately diminished when macrophage themselves were exposed with 0.5 Gy under these microenvironmental conditions. All these findings declared that FLS-dependent microenvironmental conditions have a minor impact on the macrophage phenotype modulation under radiation exposure conditions (Deloch et al. 2019). In another study, Wunderlich et al. investigated whether irradiation could directly affect the capacity of mouse macrophages to induce T-cell responses. They showed that the dose range from 0.7 to 2 Gy significantly decreased the expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) expression in macrophages. Moreover, the expression of CD40 was decreased on T cells, particularly after co-incubation with irradiated macrophages. The supernatants of these cells could also reduce CD40 expression of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, but did not impact the capacity of these cells to induce T cell proliferation. Taken together, they suggested that the inflammatory macrophages being exposed to irradiation have the potential to modulate consecutive adaptive immune reactions, but supernatants of irradiated macrophages do not influence the dendritic cell-mediated induction of T cell proliferation (Wunderlich et al. 2019).
Small-molecule CSF1R kinase inhibitors; review of patents 2015-present
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2021
William A. Denny, Jack U. Flanagan
Hu et al. [75] explored the effect of imatinib (37) (well-known as an inhibitor of abl, c-kit and PDGF-R, but also an CSF1R inhibitor, with an IC50 of 120 nM) [76] on the proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells. CSF1R is highly expressed in these cells and can promote inflammatory responses. In this study, imatinib was shown to attenuate rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocyte cell proliferation.