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Food Interactions, Sirtuins, Genes, Homeostasis, and General Discussion
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Homeostasis is derived from two Greek words: ‘homeo’ means ‘similar’ and ‘stasis’ signifies ‘stable’ (132). By definition, homeostasis is a phenomenon of equilibrum, balance, or stability of different components in a cell or organ with its environment (132–138). In other words, homeostasis is the constancy of an organism’s internal environment. Homeostasis is provided by regulatory mechanisms at all levels of the organism, starting from the molecular level and up to higher systemic connections (133). Examples of homeostasis include the regulation of body temperature, and the balance between acidity and alkalinity. It is a process that maintains the stability of the organism’s internal environment in response to fluctuations in external environmental conditions (134). In other words, homeostasis is a self-regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to changing external conditions (135). This concept explains how an organism can maintain nearly constant internal conditions that allow it to adapt and to survive in the face of a changing and often hostile external environment (135).
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Blood glucose levels decrease to below normal between meals. The liver then converts the stored glycogen back into glucose via glycogenolysis. The glucose is released as part of a homeostatic mechanism regulating blood glucose within normal ranges. Skeletal muscles contain stored glycogen, but do not contain the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. This enzyme allows glucose to be broken down, enabling it to pass through cell membranes and enter the bloodstream. The enzyme only has limited usefulness in muscle cells. The liver synthesizes more glucose from amino acids, glycerol, and lactic acid via gluconeogenesis. Glucose is either directly released into the circulation, or stored as glycogen.
Displacement of pathological symptoms
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Hahnemann gives emphasis to the curative power of vital force. Hahnemann stated that slighter and acute diseases are resolved spontaneously. If disturbing agents are of shorter duration, then they can be controlled easily by compensatory mechanisms of the body. When homeostasis fails, disease starts. Symptomatology of disease develops only when homeostasis fails.
SESLA suppresses the activation of macrophages and dendritic cells after Gram-positive bacterial challenge
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Xinru Jiang, Yanwu Xu, Tiannan Xiang, Hanxiao Zhang, Xiaodong Cheng, Xiao-Dong Yang, Hongyi Hu, Xin Jiang, Yuejuan Zheng
An uncontrolled cytokine storm produced by over-activated immune cells after bacterial infections is fatal. It can cause the imbalance of homeostasis resulting in severe tissue damage, organ failure and even death. The critical kinase (e.g. IKK) is considered as a therapeutic target for research and development of new anti-inflammatory drugs [40]. In addition to the innate immune response, adaptive immune system also plays a major role in the formation of cytokine storm [25]. Activated T cells are also an important contributor to cytokine storm [41]. The GO analysis revealed that a substantial number of immune cells (e.g. T cells) was also activated significantly in MRSA-infected mouse model. Our study demonstrated that SESLA could down-regulate the expression of MHC II and co-stimulatory molecules (e.g. CD40, CD80 and CD86), giving a hint that SESLA might inhibit T cell activation to alleviate overactivated inflammation.
Environmental physiotherapy and the case for multispecies justice in planetary health
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Filip Maric, David A. Nicholls
Although respiratory care shows some obvious connections between environmental practices and physical therapy, it is conceivable that solidarity applies across the entire professional discipline. Following Nicholls (2019b) rhetoric above and since physiotherapists often identify as movement specialists, how can physiotherapists not have a view about the movement of all things, from osmosis to diaspora; the interconnections between standing, the ground that lies beneath our feet (i.e. understanding), and political activism (i.e. standing up to be counted)? What of the balance of the body’s physiological functions, and the homeostasis of the ecosystems the body’s move within? What of activity for health and action for ecological justice? Or the role that the body’s structure plays in spatial design, land use, and transportation?
Fat to lean mass ratio in spinal cord injury: Possible interplay of components of body composition that may instigate systemic inflammation and metabolic syndrome
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
David R. Dolbow, Gary J. Farkas, Arthur S. Berg, Michael A. Welsch, Ashraf S. Gorgey, David R. Gater
Investigators have long focused on the accumulation of fat mass as a primary predictor of metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiometabolic disorder in those with SCI.2,5–9 However, after SCI, accompanying the increase in fat mass is a significant decrease in lean body mass, especially skeletal muscle.2,3 Like adipose tissue, skeletal muscle is a secretory organ with endocrine and paracrine activity.10 Given that fat and muscle compartments are the two largest organ systems, are located throughout the body, and are active in modifying signaling pathways, it seems logical that adipocytes and myocytes engage in crosstalk and significantly contribute to homeostasis, and therefore its imbalance.10 Homeostasis is the self-regulation by biological systems to maintain stability while adjusting to external conditions. The disruption of the many homeostatic mechanisms that occur after spinal cord injury increase the risk of disease.11.