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Additional Information about Infectious Diseases
Published in Lyle D. Broemeling, Bayesian Analysis of Infectious Diseases, 2021
This contribution to the morphology of coronavirus is based on the use of electron microscopy in a negative contrast investigation of the virus of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine. Viruses of transmissible gastro-enteritis are spherical or, in rare cases, pleomorphous particles of typical coronavirus structure. The viruses investigated by the authors were 132 nm in diameter. The surface projections, consisting of a flattened knob and conical shaft, are 18 nm in length. Internal bodies, 50+/–2 nm in diameter, occur as “filled” or “empty” particles. The thickness of all internal bodies and virus membranes is 8+/–1 nm. Differences were found to exist between virus of transmissible gastro-enteritis and particles similar to coronavirus and isolated from fecal samples. A first comparison had been made for that purpose. Those differences were relating to shape and size of individual particles and to morphological setup of surface projections.
Control of Human Intestinal Nematode Infections
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
Trichostrongylus orientalis predominates in Asia, although other parasites of the same genus can be occasional human parasites. This infection is usually asymptomatic, but may be the cause of enteritis. It is a zoonosis acquired mainly from herbivores.
The Digestive (Gastrointestinal) System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term that encompasses both idiopathic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease or regional enteritis. Inflammation of the colon is present with classic symptoms of diarrhea, rectal bleeding, fever, weight loss, and abdominal pain. A number of extra intestinal manifestations can also occur.
Factors associated with non-lifting of colorectal mucosal lesions
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Jiang-Ping Yu, Shao-Peng Yang, Rong-Wei Ruan, Sheng-Sen Chen, Yan-Dong Li, Hai-Bin Lou, Shi Wang
We retrospectively analyzed 29 cases of elevated lesions with non-lifting signs that were treated by ESD at the Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from February 2018 to September 2021. All lesions received endoscopic diagnoses with magnified endoscopy before ESD. For the vessel pattern and surface pattern of lesions, colonoscopists with enough experience applied JNET and Pit Pattern classification [9,10]. The level of non-lifting was assessed according to the Kato classification [2]. Inclusion criteria were that lesions were confirmed as type IIA and type IIB according to the JNET classification, or type III-L, type IV and type V-I according to the Pit Pattern classification. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (i) Lesions with biopsy proven invasive cancer or definite endoscopic features of invasive cancer were excluded, (ii) Type III lesions in JNET classification or type Vn lesions in pit pattern classification, (iii) lesion with no clear margin, (iv) Patients with acute infectious enteritis or cannot tolerate ESD because of severe diseases. This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital.
Real-world safety and efficacy of twice-daily budesonide 2-mg foam in patients with ulcerative colitis: interim analysis of post-marketing surveillance
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Teppei Omori, Masayuki Saruta, Akira Nagaki, Yuki Arai, Akira Ohta, Kiyotoshi Kuramoto, Yasuo Suzuki
In our post-marketing surveillance of patients with UC, we evaluated the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptance of budesonide foam in the clinical setting. The current interim data indicated good tolerance of twice-daily dosing in the patients. The overall safety profile was consistent with that of a previous phase 3 study [15], with no clinically important or additional ADRs observed. Although a serious case of enteritis infectious occurred in one patient, it was managed and resolved without discontinuing the drug. The incidence of ADRs was 3.8%, which was lower than that (17.2% for 6 weeks) in a Japanese phase 3 study [15]. In this previous phase 3 study, glucocorticoid-related AEs, including insomnia, hypertension, and peripheral edema, were reported; however, the prevalence of these symptoms did not differ from those in the placebo [15]. In our study, two nonserious glucocorticoid-related ADRs occurred in one patient, but the patient made a full recovery. In addition, in the phase 3 study, approximately half of the patients treated with budesonide foam showed decreased plasma cortisol levels at 6 and 12 weeks after treatment, although the concentration typically returned to normal levels within 6 weeks after drug cessation [15]. In contrast, no evaluation of plasma cortisol was performed in this study. Although the prevalence of ADRs could not be directly compared between the survey and phase 3 study, our current results suggested that budesonide foam had a good safety profile in clinical practice.
Ileostomy diarrhea: Pathophysiology and management
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Kyle M. Rowe, Lawrence R. Schiller
Development of small bowel inflammation after colonic resection for established Crohn’s disease is understandable as the natural history of Crohn’s disease; however, inflammatory enteritis after colectomy for ulcerative colitis represents a different challenge. This simply could represent misdiagnosis of colonic Crohn’s disease as ulcerative colitis and may occur in up to 10% of patients who had colectomy for ulcerative colitis. An alternative categorization was proposed by Corporaal et al in a case series of 42 patients presenting with inflammatory enteritis after colectomy for ulcerative colitis.48 These patients demonstrated a spectrum of clinical and pathologic changes consistent with autoimmune gastritis and enteritis and showed response to corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and immunomodulators. This postcolectomy enteritis is histologically and endoscopically distinct from Crohn’s disease and may represent a unique entity. While colectomy can control ulcerative colitis, it may not be curative in every case.