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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and NO from Flax Intervention in Atherosclerosis and Chronic Systemic Inflammation
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Inflammation comes in two forms—acute and chronic. Acute inflammation helps us with the healing process and is generally short-lived. In chronic inflammation, the effects linger. Over time, chronic inflammation will have an adverse effect on tissues and organs. CSI plays a role in the development of many diseases ranging from autoimmune diseases to cancer.
Autoimmune Disease
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Nanette Morales, Jessica Landry, Christy McDonald Lenahan, Janine Santora
Autoimmune diseases (AD) cause the human body to turn against itself, causing chronic inflammation that damages body organs and tissues (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [NIEHS], 2021). Chronic inflammation leads to chronic disease, which causes a multitude of symptoms, lowers quality of life, and impacts life expectancy. Chronic diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality (Bodai, 2017). The prevalence of AD in the US is 50 million people (Leech et al., 2020). In comparison, cancer affects 14.5 million people and heart disease affects 22 million people. The direct and indirect cost burden of ADs is estimated to range between $86 and $100 billion annually (AARDA & NCAPG, 2011). Epidemiological data support evidence to show the steady rise in AD in westernized societies over the last 30 years (Lerner et al., 2016). The rise in AD in westernized societies has led researchers to believe environmental factors may have a stronger influence on the development of autoimmune disorders than genetic factors.
AI and Chronic Inflammation
Published in Louis J. Catania, AI for Immunology, 2021
Non-specific symptoms associated with chronic inflammation include: Body pain, arthralgia, myalgia;Chronic fatigue and insomnia;Depression, anxiety, and mood disorders;Gastrointestinal complications like constipation, diarrhea, and acid reflux;Weight gain or weight loss;Frequent infections;Fatigue;Fever;Mouth sores;Rashes;Abdominal pain;Chest pain.
New cyclopentaquinoline and 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid hybrids with neuroprotection against oxidative stress for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Kamila Czarnecka, Małgorzata Girek, Paweł Kręcisz, Robert Skibiński, Kamil Łątka, Jakub Jończyk, Marek Bajda, Piotr Szymczyk, Grzegorz Galita, Jacek Kabziński, Ireneusz Majsterek, Alba Espargaró, Raimon Sabate, Paweł Szymański
Inflammatory reaction is a part of the immune system response, whose aim is to remove harmful stimuli (irritants, damaged cells or pathogens). Inflammation is part of the innate immunity system, and can be divided into acute and chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation comprises long-term processes that result from the failure to eliminate the causes of acute inflammation, autoimmune responses or chronic irritant of low intensity. It is associated with the development of chronic diseases such as AD, cancers or rheumatoid arthritis. Several cellular enzymes, of which hyaluronidase plays an important role, control the inflammatory process. Hyaluronidase decreases the integrity of tissues during inflammation through depolymerisation of hyaluronan. Nowadays, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat inflammatory processes; however, their use should be limited due to side effects. Therefore, new drugs with additional anti-inflammatory properties are being synthesised and tested26,27.
The Effect of Soluble TREM-1 in Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Dervis Ates, Hulusi Cem Doner, Sevil Kurban, Hande Koksal
In 1972, Kessler and Wolloch presented five cases of mastitis with suspected malignant tumor, but characterized by granuloma and abscess. Pathologically, it is usually characterized by lobulocentric noncaseating granulomas composed of epithelioid histiocytes and Langhan’s multinucleate giant cells. It is also compatible with chronic inflammation. One of the important problems is excluding tuberculosis. However, it is not very difficult to distinguish with experiences in countries where it is common. The most important features in distinguishing from tuberculosis are the presence of granulomas affecting the lobules rather than the ducts, and the lack of caseous necrosis (Benson and Dumitru 2016; Kessler and Wolloch 1972). Although etiological factors such as α1-antitrypsin deficiency; oral contraceptives; gestation, birth, and breast-feeding; hyperprolactinemia; smoking; ethnicity; and autoimmunity have been mentioned in the etiology of IGM since its first definition, the etiopathogenesis of IGM still remains as a mystery today (Altintoprak et al. 2014; Benson and Dumitru 2016).
Naltrexone at low doses (LDN) and its relevance to cancer therapy
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
As discussed, there is good reason to suggest that LDN has a potential role in anticancer therapeutic regimens. Indeed, the effects it has on intracellular signaling pathways that support oncogenesis is a means by which LDN can be used to disrupt aberrant cell growth. However, the effects that LDN also has on the immune system can also contribute to its anti-cancer action. Inflammation, particularly chronic inflammation forms the basis of a number of diseases. Indeed, we and others have described how chronic inflammation, arising as a result of chronic exposure to a non-infective irritant, may support cancer development. Examples of this include the long-term irritation and exposure to asbestos fibers leading to mesothelioma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema as a pre-disposing factor to lung cancer, and the association between chronic inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer [25]. Drugs that target particular elements of inflammation, such as the inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase (COX), have shown activity and potential clinical benefit in a cancer setting [26]. Similarly, there is considerable epidemiological evidence supporting the effectiveness of the ubiquitous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin as a preventative for cancer development [27].