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Autoimmune Inner Ear Hearing Loss
Published in James R. Tysome, Rahul G. Kanegaonkar, Hearing, 2015
Autoimmune-related hearing loss, described by McCabe in 19791, is characterized by a rapidly progressing, usually bilateral hearing loss, which may fluctuate over a period of weeks to months. The duration and pattern distinguishes this condition from the more gradual hearing loss seen in presbyacusis and the abrupt loss in sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Responsiveness to steroid or immunosuppressant treatment is also considered characteristic of autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED). Vestibular symptoms are common and accompany up to 50% of cases.
Tinnitus following COVID-19 vaccination: report of three cases
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2022
Daniela Parrino, Andrea Frosolini, Chiara Gallo, Romolo Daniele De Siati, Giacomo Spinato, Cosimo de Filippis
A clinical description of tinnitus after COVID-19 vaccine and the possible mechanisms responsible for its development is still lacking. This is the first descriptive report of three cases of sudden unilateral tinnitus following BNT162b2 vaccine injection, which rapidly resolved in 2 out of 3 cases. A hypersensitivity reaction may be implicated in the pathogenesis, causing an abnormal autoimmune response (mediated by circulating immune complexes or cytotoxic vestibule-cochlear autoantibodies) or a vasculitic event with subsequent localised damage to the cochlea (Ciorba et al. 2018). Patients’ pre-existing history of atopy (case 2) and autoimmune disorders (cases 1 and 3) may have increased the likelihood of a dysregulated autoimmune response. On the other hand, an immunisation anxiety-related reaction can be postulated, as anxiety has also been related to the severity and persistency of tinnitus (Elarbed et al. 2021). Autoimmune inner ear disease also has to be considered in the differential diagnosis, although it typically differs in clinical presentation (Ciorba et al. 2018). Lastly, a coincidental event may have occurred. We prescribed an MRI to all patients to rule out any possible abnormality of the internal auditory meatus or cerebellopontine angle. As previously reported, no abnormalities were found.
Cochlear implantation via middle fossa approach – a case report
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2019
Gauri Mankekar, Moises A. Arriaga, Dori Viator, Jerome M. Volk
Colletti et al. (1998) described their initial experiences of middle fossa cochlear implantation in two patients with chronic middle ear disease. They identified the basal turn of the cochlea and made a 1.5 mm cochleostomy in the most superficial part of the basal turn. They inserted the implant in the direction of the apical cochlear turn. A subsequent publication by the same group (Colletti et al., 1999; Colletti and Fiorino, 1999) detailed the same approach in patients with autoimmune inner ear disease, previous cranial trauma, genetic pre-lingual deafness, and otosclerosis. The authors did not report any surgical complications. Bento et al. (2012) implanted four patients with chronic ear disease via the middle fossa approach. Unlike Colletti et al., Bento et al., used a 1 mm drill to enter the cochlea at the most superior part of the apical turn. They inserted the electrode in a reverse direction from the apical to the middle and then the basal cochlear turns. They suggested that a correct apical insertion can be achieved by making the cochleostomy close to the geniculate ganglion.
Serum MicroRNA on inflammation: a literature review of mouse model studies
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a condition of sensorineural hearing loss which is caused by an immune system response. Autoantibody development and T-cell responses against inner ear antigens have been pathogenetic mechanism of AIED (Ciorba et al.2018). In autoimmune inner ear disease, let-7j increase but miR-10b-3p and miR-8112 were decreased. Inflammatory chemokines, including C-C motif chemokine-12, were induced by the target gene of miR-10b-3p. Moreover, miR-8112 affected WNT signalling pathways, such as WNT9B, WNT3A, and WNT2B. let-7j was related to mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis pathways (polypeptide N-acetyl galactosaminyltransferases (GALNT) 2 and GALNT12), which activate the immune response (Zhang et al.2019a).