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Autoimmune Diseases and a Multidisciplinary Approach to Cancer
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
CAM therapies and natural products tend to subdue inflammation and control autoimmunity by changing particular molecular pathways. For instance, the anti-inflammatory activities of numerous constituents such as polyphenols extracted from different plants have been ascribed to show antioxidant activities. Researchers have established that various nutritional supplements, herbal products, psychological therapies, diet therapy and other CAM approaches greatly impact different immunity parameters. However, detailed studies and extensive randomised, controlled trials are necessary to prove the significance of these therapies and to understand the pathological, biochemical, immunological and molecular aspects of diseases. Moreover, the stress-reducing techniques should also be assessed by conducting extensive experiments to identify how stress aggravates autoimmune disorders and cancer and how to overcome stress.
Summary of Hair Diseases: Cicatricial and Non-Cicatricial
Published in Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt, Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
Aurora Alessandrini, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Michela Starace
The severity of alopecia areata may be assessed by the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) and graded according to the guidelines of the National Alopecia Areata Foundation [52]. Laboratory tests are always indicated to role out associated autoimmune conditions.
Disorders of the nervous system
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
The cause of the autoimmune response is unknown but it is thought to be an interaction of a genetic tendency with environmental factors (Boss, 2006; Compston, 1999; MS Trust, 2007). It is rare in tropical areas and more common in the temperate regions of Europe and North America. Proposed environmental triggers for MS include inadequate vitamin D, Epstein-Barr viral infection and smoking (Ascherio and Munger, 2008).
Effects of age, sex, serostatus, and underlying comorbidities on humoral response post-SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination: a systematic review
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2022
Kin Israel Notarte, Abbygail Therese Ver, Jacqueline Veronica Velasco, Adriel Pastrana, Jesus Alfonso Catahay, Gian Luca Salvagno, Eric Peng Huat Yap, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Jordi B. Torrelles, Giuseppe Lippi, Brandon Michael Henry
An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune system response that mistakenly attacks healthy cells, tissues, and organs. This immune malfunction can affect any part of the body, weakening bodily function that can be potentially fatal [75]. The cornerstone to management of autoimmune disorders is the use of immunosuppressive therapies. However, various immunosuppressive treatments can impact vaccine-induced immunogenicity [76]. For instance, Gallo et al. reported that the geometric mean IgG titer of patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) treated with ocrelizumab is 97% lower than healthy participants [35]. However, this study is limited by the small number of tested patients and the inability to assess their cell-mediated and innate immune responses. Larger studies exploring the response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in pwMS treated with anti-CD20 drugs (e.g. rituximab) and other high efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are necessary to confirm and expand these preliminary data.
Post COVID-19 Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Optic Neuritis
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2022
Daniela Ximena Rojas-Correa, José Alberto Reche-Sainz, Alfredo Insausti-García, Cristina Calleja-García, Manuel Ferro-Osuna
Additional disorders with neuro-ophthalmological implications have been related to typical COVID-19 infection including Fisher syndrome; Guillain-Barré syndrome, Kawasaki disease, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome; and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).1,5,9 They represent para-infectious or post-infectious autoimmune disorders, which could be triggered by virus infection, since SARS-CoV-2 can induce dysregulation of the immune system. The exact aetiology of autoimmune diseases remains unclear, but it is assumed that there is a genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, such as infections. There are viruses with known immuno-pathogenicity, such as parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes virus 6, human T-lymphotrophic virus, hepatitis A and C virus and rubella virus.8 These viruses have the ability to trigger an autoimmune response through molecular mimicry and bystander mechanism activation (autoreactive immune T cells).2,10 Structurally similar viral antigens from SARS-CoV-2 may have incited a host immune response against endogenous MOG in our patient.9 When circulating MOG antibodies enter the central nervous system (CNS) through disruption of the blood-brain barrier, pathology is mediated by T cells and activated complement, producing various clinical disorders, such as optic neuritis, transverse myelitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).2
The Clinical Utility of Autoantibodies in Patients with Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
In conclusion, it is known that autoimmune diseases are the result of interaction between genetic factors, immune dysregulation and environmental trigger factors. To interpret correctly, for the presence of autoimmune disease related symptoms, a specific autoantibody test should be chosen. Instead of simultaneous testing for multiple autoantibodies, there seems a need for specific autoantibody test to detect may be newly developed molecules against breast lobules because our data show that autoantibodies such as RF, ANA, anti-ds-DNA, pANCA and anti-CCP do not contribute to clinical practice neither in diagnosis nor in follow up of patients with IGM. In order to use autoantibodies as fingerprints to identify subgroups of patients with different prognosis and different therapeutic responses, large datasets are required.