China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Immuno-Pathologic Basis of COVID-19 and the Management of Mild and Moderate Cases
Published in Srijan Goswami, Chiranjeeb Dey, COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, 2022
Debdeep Dasgupta, Srijan Goswami, Chiranjeeb Dey
Thrombosis refers to the formation of blood clots inside a blood vessel; the clot formed is termed a thrombus. Thrombus prevents the normal circulation of blood to concerned organs. The formation of blood clot or coagulation is the body's first line of defense against bleeding. Embolism, also known as thromboembolism, represents blockage in one of the arteries of the body due to a blood clot that has broken off from another location in the body (embolus) and traveled through the bloodstream to lodge in a small blood vessel (Cecil et al., 2012; Kumar et al., 2014; Hall, 2015; McPhee et al., 2021).
Diabetic Nephropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
For dyslipidemia, statin drugs are used. Cholesterol and saturated fat are limited in the diet. For thromboembolism, anticoagulants are used, though they have not been proven as a primary preventive treatment measure for the disease. In rare cases, a bilateral nephrectomy is needed for severe disease due to chronic hypoalbuminemia. Sometimes, the renal arteries can be embolized with coils, avoiding surgery for patients at high risk. Dialysis is used when needed.
Venous Thromboembolism and Anticoagulation
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to a condition in which blood clots inappropriately, and includes deep vein thrombosis ([DVT], when a clot forms in the deep veins of the body; 75–80% of VTE cases), and pulmonary embolism ([PE] when a clot in the deep veins breaks free and is carried to the arteries of the lung; 20–25% of VTE cases). Approximately 50% occur during pregnancy, and 50% occur during the postpartum period [1].
Genetic variant of endothelial protein C receptor genes and its serum level in B thalassemic children
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2023
M Hesham, Adel S Ali, Shimaa Mahmoud Abogabela, Amal Fawzy, Noura Mostafa Mohamed, Wesam A Mokhtar
The current study, included 80 thalassemic major child patients and 80 healthy youngsters of matched sex, age, race, study center, time and day of blood collection were served as the control group (confirmed as a non-carrier of thalassemia by HB typing, all were evaluated in pediatric and clinical biochemistry departments of Zhagazig University Hospitals from March 2020 to March 2021. Liver function test, CBC, serum ferritin, PT, PTT were done for all participants. Children were diagnosed as thalassemic major patients by hemoglobin electrophoresis, and received at least 10 blood transfusions, and were on chelation therapy for 6 months or more were included in this study. A complete history was obtained on thromboembolic symptoms. There was no proved case of thromboembolism in case group. The reluctance to sign a notified written consent is an exclusion criterion.
Current and emerging drug strategies for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical inpatients
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
D. Santagata, G. Cammà, M.P. Donadini, A. Squizzato, W. Ageno
The phase II FXI ASO TKA trial was published in 2015 [85]. FXI-ASO is a second generation antisense oligonucleotide, administered subcutaneously. In this open-label, parallel-group study, 300 patients who were undergoing elective primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were randomized to receive one of two doses of FXI-ASO (200 mg or 300 mg) or 40 mg of enoxaparin once daily. The primary efficacy outcome was the incidence of venous thromboembolism. The principal safety outcome was major or CRNMB. The incidence of VTE was significantly lower in patients receiving 300-mg Ionis FXI-Rx (4%) compared with Ionis FXI-Rx 200-mg (27%) or enoxaparin (30%). Bleeding occurred in 3%, 3%, and 8% of the patients in the three study groups, respectively. The results were in reasonable agreement with earlier preclinical primate studies: an antithrombotic effect has been observed when FXI levels were reduced to ~50% of normal, with a maximum effect around 20% of normal [86].
Safety of ramucirumab treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and elevated alpha-fetoprotein
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
The paradox of bleeding and thromboembolism associated with ramucirumab reflects the imbalance between pro- and anticoagulation pathways caused by VEGF inhibition. Endothelial injury and aberrant platelet activation also precipitate both arterial and venous thromboembolism [66,67]. The overall incidence of clinically relevant thromboembolic events was <5% and of grade 3 to 4 events was <2% [44]. Despite the low incidence, severe arterial thromboembolic events were reported in the REACH-2 trial; these complications resulted in myocardial and cerebrovascular infarction and two deaths [40]. Venous thromboembolism may present as clinically significant deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) or may be asymptomatic. The incidence of grade 3 to 4 DVT/PE was 1% to 4% in both the ramucirumab and placebo arms in patients with HCC. A meta-analysis reported that ramucirumab was not correlated with an increased risk of both all-grade and >grade 3 DVT/PE [50]. Reports have shown that arterial or venous thromboembolism led to discontinuation of ramucirumab therapy in only a few patients.