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Disorders in tHemostasis System and Changes in the Rheological Properties of the Blood in Ischemic Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Published in E.I. Sokolov, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
Physiological studies revealed that the thrombocytes perform specific functions [67, 98, 405]. First of all, they have their own system of energy supply that is represented by the mitochondria and grains of glycogen. Of very great importance is the ability of the thrombocyte membranes to deform because: with a change in the morphological properties, the thrombocytes may sharply increase their contact surface; the transition from a disk-shaped form to a spherical one is attended by the formation of numerous pseudopods that (like bristles) create conditions for aggregation;having a possibility of altering the physicochemical properties under the influence of the aggregating agents (collagen, thrombin, ADP), the thrombocytes carry out reconstruction of the phospholipid enzymes; an important role here is played by cAMP that affects the activity of proteinkinase.
The Hematologic System and its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Platelets, also called thrombocytes (literally, "clot cells"), are also often considered to be white blood cells and are formed in the bone marrow. The marrow produces very large, fragile cells called megakaryocytes. When these are mature, they suddenly fragment into many minute parts that become the platelets. Platelets and several other factors within the blood and vessel walls are responsible for blood coagulation.
Unexplained Fever In Hematologic Disorders Section 1. Benign Hematologic Disorders
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
The laboratory tests will show a low thrombocyte count, low plasmatic fibrinogen, prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time, low plasmatic factors, especially VIII and V, and an elevation in fibrinogen degradation products. Fragmented erythrocytes (schistocytes) can be seen in peripheral blood smears.
Splenectomy in zebrafish: a new model for immune thrombocytopenia
Published in Platelets, 2022
Uvaraj P Radhakrishnan, Ayah Al Qaryoute, Revathi Raman, Pudur Jagadeeswaran
To test whether immune thrombocytopenia like conditions could be created in zebrafish, we first counted their thrombocytes in the blood retrieved after pricking the fish and it showed approximately 1% of thrombocytes (Figure 4A). The same fish was then injected with αIIb antibody and found the thrombocyte counts decreased by 50% in 1 h (Figure 4B). Subsequently, we performed splenectomy on the same fish and the thrombocytes were counted 4 hours after splenectomy. We found that the thrombocyte counts were increased significantly compared to αIIb antibody injected fish (Figure 4C). It is interesting to note that splenectomies in patients with trauma result in thrombocytosis [19,20]. We could not perform the above experiment after 24 and 48 h because in this treatment the fish was injured three times and did not survive up to 24 hours. For this reason, we used two methods of blood collection. The pricking method yielded small amounts of blood that was sufficient to count the thrombocytes. However, after splenectomy it was difficult to collect the blood by pricking since the fish had been injured twice and therefore the method of lateral incision was needed. The average percentage of increases of thrombocytes in six splenectomized animals is shown in Figure 4D.
Classification and coding of platelet-rich plasma derived from New Zealand white rabbits for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Khan Sharun, Abhijit M. Pawde, K. M. Manjusha, Amitha Banu S, E. Kalaiselvan, Rohit Kumar, Prakash Kinjavdekar, Med Ram Verma
Platelets or thrombocytes are cell fragments present in the blood that help prevent bleeding [1]. The alpha granules of the platelets have the ability to release supra-physiologic levels of essential growth factors and cytokines that have several therapeutic applications [2]. The major growth factors present in the alpha granules of platelet include platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1) [3]. These growth factors, along with the cytokines, can stimulate and regulate several physiologic processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, chemotaxis, and adherence [1].
Simvastatin-induced erythromelalgia: less is more
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Yuran Vanwonterghem, Samyah Shadid
Based on this description, we concluded that the patient most likely suffered from erythromelalgia. This rare disorder (incidence of <2 per 100,000 people per year) is characterized by intermittent pain, heat and redness, usually in the lower extremities, but upper extremities and even the face have been described [1]. Typically, it is triggered by heat and exercise, but sometimes just by lowering the limbs, and improves only by cooling and elevating the affected limbs [1–3]. In general, classical pain killers provide little relief. Although the exact pathogenesis is poorly understood, it is thought to result from dysbalances in autonomic control of vascular tonus [3] which elicit hypoxia in the affected area, followed by a reactive hyperemia. This process may be associated with microvascular arteriovenous shunting, and result in local redness, warmth and burning pain [1,4]. Increased thrombocyte aggregation may play a role, but this has only been described in association with myeloproliferative diseases (see below) [4].