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Oxygen Therapy in Trauma
Published in Kajal Jain, Nidhi Bhatia, Acute Trauma Care in Developing Countries, 2023
Shyam Charan Meena, Rajeev Chauhan, Ankur Luthra
It is believed that in the absence of hypoxaemia, supplemental oxygen will reduce shortness of breath. There is no evidence that oxygen is beneficial for patients with normoxia (normal arterial oxygen concentration) or very mild hypoxaemia. In addition to cardiovascular disease, there are many causes for shortness of breath, including anxiety, pain and metabolic acidosis. In these cases, oxygen therapy is not always required.
Altitude, temperature, circadian rhythms and exercise
Published in Adam P. Sharples, James P. Morton, Henning Wackerhage, Molecular Exercise Physiology, 2022
Henning Wackerhage, Kenneth A. Dyar, Martin Schönfelder
How is the oxygen concentration sensed? The ventilation-regulating signals of O2, CO2 and pH are sensed by peripheral chemoreceptors such as the carotid and aortic bodies and by central chemoreceptors in the brain. The ≈20 mm3 large carotid body, located at the bifurcation of the carotid artery that supplies the head and brain with oxygen, is a sensitive oxygen sensor that monitors the arterial O2 tension (PaO2) and stimulates ventilation when the PaO2 drops below ≈60 mmHg. The carotid body contains three main cell types (5, 6): Oxygen-sensing glomus cells (type 1),Subtentacular cells (type 2),Afferent nerve fibres whose axons convey the hypoxia message to the ventilation-regulating parts of the brain.
Assessing and responding to sudden deterioration in the adult
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Oxygen therapy may be a short-term measure in acute illness or long-term therapy for chronic respiratory disease. For all individuals, other than in an emergency situation, oxygen concentration is prescribed (see www.bnf.org) to achieve specified target oxygen saturation measurements, British Thoracic Society (BTS; 2017).
Islet hypoplasia of adult offspring rats caused by intrauterine chronic hypoxia is compensated by up-regulation of INS and PDX-1
Published in Islets, 2023
Tianfeng Chen, Yang Xiao, Shaodan Xu, Helin Ke, Shilin Li
The rats were allowed to have natural lighting, ad libitum feeding, and water. The pregnant rats were removed from the room, placed in a normal air cage, and subjected to oxygen deprivation twice a day, in the morning and afternoon, for 4 h each time, until the day before delivery. Subsequently, they were delivered at a normal oxygen concentration. In the NC group, 10 pregnant rats were placed in a normal chamber with 21% oxygen concentration. Air was continuously introduced to maintain the oxygen concentration inside the chamber at the same level as outside the chamber. The other conditions were the same in both groups. After hypoxic treatment, the arterial blood gas analysis of all pregnant rats was obtained from blood collected from the heart. In order to avoid the effects of unequal planes of nutrition, we randomly raised ten offspring rats from each litter. In 12 h after delivery, 20 male offspring rats from 20 pregnant rats (10 for ICH, 10 for NC) were randomly selected (an offspring from a litter) and weighed. After 16 weeks, the 20 offspring rats were weighed and anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate at a dose of 3.5 mL/kg intraperitoneally. The abdominal cavity was opened, the whole pancreas was isolated. Then the pancreas was partially placed in lyophilized tubes, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, moved to −80°C refrigerator for storage to extract intact RNA, and partially fixed in 10% formalin for 24–48 h for immunohimstochemical examination.
The effects of music therapy on peripherally inserted central catheter in hospitalized children with leukemia
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2023
Ting-Ting Zhang, Zhong Fan, Shu-Zhen Xu, Zheng-Yao Guo, Min Cai, Qiong Li, Yan-Lai Tang, Li-Wei Wang, Xi Chen, Li-Jun Tang, Zhi-Ying Li, Yun Wen
Before the catheterization, the bedside nurse referred the child to a music therapist. Music therapists and nurses conduct music therapy assessment before the operation, including gathering information of children from the medical staff and their parents; communicating with children to know their music preferences. The emotional state, pain degree, heart rate, respiration and blood oxygen concentration of children were recorded at the same time before the operation. Emotional states were recorded by seven faces depicting expressions varying from very happy to very unhappy, which were assigned a score of 1 to 7. Pain degree was measured by the children’s choice on a scale of 0 to 5 (not painful to very painful). A Pulse oximeter was used to record the heart rate and blood oxygen concentration.
Efficacy and safety of normobaric hyperoxia combined with intravenous thrombolysis on acute ischemic stroke patients
Published in Neurological Research, 2021
Na Li, Longfei Wu, Wenbo Zhao, David Dornbos, Chuanjie Wu, Weili Li, Di Wu, Jianping Ding, Yuchuan Ding, Yunyan Xie, Xunming Ji
According to the recommendations of 2019 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines, all AIS patients within 4.5 h after stroke onset were treated with intravenous thrombolysis (tPA 0.9 mg/kg) [8]. Oxygen (high concentration oxygen mask, Intersurgical Ltd) was given to the patients in the NBO group at a rate of 10 L/min oxygen inhalation at the beginning of intravenous thrombolysis, which lasted for 4 h. FiO2 can be increased to 70–80% by a flow of 10 L/min oxygen using this mask. The control group received no additional oxygen inhalation therapy during intravenous thrombolytic therapy. Oxygen was supplemented for patients who developed hypoxemia during subsequent recovery, but the additional oxygen therapy did not reach the oxygen concentration required for NBO. Patients were monitored for electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure, and other vital signs continuously during the procedure.