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The Use of Capillaroscopy and Aggregometry Methods to Diagnose the Alterations of Microcirculation and Microrheology in Diabetes
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Andrei E. Lugovtsov, Yury I. Gurfinkel, Petr B. Ermolinskiy, Anastasia A. Fabrichnova, Alexander V. Priezzhev
RBCs interact with each other forming linear or more complex structures (i.e., RBC aggregates (Figure 3.1)) under low shear rates. These structures can be reversibly dispersed into singe cells under high shear rates. Normally, RBCs are in dynamic equilibrium, constantly aggregating and disaggregating in vivo [26]. It is crucial to note that RBC aggregation occurs only in solutions with macromolecules of high molecular weight. In the case of blood plasma, they are fibrinogen, albumin, etc. [26].
Ayurveda in the West
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
Ayurvedic medicine vs “Ayurvedic Wellness” is not a small issue. We can see how this fundamental problem has reached deeply into all levels of Western society, including the W.H.O. For example, the first books published in the West translated the Sanskrit anatomy term Raktadhātu as “blood”. This is incorrect as Rakta means “red” and Raktadhātu means hemoglobin and refers to the heat-carrying red blood cells. Blood, as we know, is roughly half a fluid called blood plasma which is very different from hemoglobin, even though they complement each other. In Sanskrit the blood plasma is called Raktadhātu and is only one aspect of this dhātu (tissue). Together these two substances, Raktadhātu and Rasadhātu, mix together to form “blood” which circulates in vessels that are called Srōtāmsi. Therefore, the Western concept of blood directly relates to Raktavāhasrōta (blood vessels) and not Raktadhātu, as blood is composed of both Rasa and Rakta together. This difference is critical in clinical treatments. Nevertheless, we see on page 17 of the W.H.O. document Benchmarks for Training in Ayurveda, Rakta translated as “blood” (Anonymous 2010).
Blood Cells and Rheology
Published in John H. Barker, Gary L. Anderson, Michael D. Menger, Clinically Applied Microcirculation Research, 2019
Dick W. Slaaf, Geert Jan Tangelder, Mirjam G. A. oude Egbrink, Robert S. Reneman
Blood plasma is a Newtonian fluid. In humans, its viscosity is 1.2 to 1.3 mPa.s at 37°C. Plasma viscosity is mainly a function of the concentration of large proteins like fibrinogen and some of the globulins. Plasma viscosity is usually calculated from the time that a fluid needs to travel through a standardized capillary over a certain distance at a given driving pressure.27 Reference fluids with known viscosity are used to calibrate the instrument. Temperature control is essential and should be set at body temperature. Reproducibility of the method is excellent (CV < 1%). Plasma should be stored at room temperature in closed containers and not be frozen, since precipitation of proteins may occur. In some cases, differences in plasma viscosity between patients and healthy controls may be significant; but in terms of circulatory consequences, the question is whether the obtained differences are sufficiently important as compared to changes in other parameters, e.g., related to the vascular network.
Genome- and transcriptome-wide association studies show that pulmonary embolism is associated with bone-forming proteins
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Ruoyang Feng, Mengnan Lu, Yanni Yang, Pan Luo, Lin Liu, Ke Xu, Peng Xu
Isoprostane-8 and GDF-15 have recently been shown to be associated with prothrombotic conditions and could be used as new markers for post-PE syndrome [9]. The artificial neural network approach that integrates plasma proteomics and genetic data has identified PLXNA4 as a new susceptibility locus for PE [10]. Plasma proteins (also known as blood proteins) are a group of more than 3,600 proteins in blood plasma that are associated with functions such as signal transduction, transport, repair, and prevention of infections [11]. Certain plasma proteins are associated with the development of PE and contribute to both PE and deep vein embolism [12]. However, studies that fully explore the genetic association between PE and human plasma proteins are limited. Our current study, in which we investigated the relationships between PE and 3,283 human plasma proteins, is novel in this respect.
Investigating the potential of fish oil as a nutraceutical in an animal model of early life stress
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Sian Egerton, Francisco Donoso, Patrick Fitzgerald, Snehal Gite, Fiona Fouhy, Jason Whooley, Ted G. Dinan, John F. Cryan, Sarah C. Culloty, R. Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton
Collection of blood samples was performed as previously described [53]. Briefly, blood samples were collected during day one of swim stress, via tail incision at five different time points; immediately before the swimming (baseline), 15, 45, 75 and 105 min after the test was finished. Approximately 200 µl of blood was collected in a tube containing 10 µL of EDTA 0.1 M to avoid coagulation. Blood plasma was obtained by centrifugation (3500 g, 4°C, 15 min). Corticosterone levels were measured using a commercially-available corticosterone ELISA kit (Corticosterone EIA Kit, ADI-900-097, Enzo Life Sciences) according to the manufacturer instructions, and absorbance signal was detected using a conventional plate reader (Synergy HT, Biotek Instruments, Inc.) at 405 nm [53].
Age-dependent altered redox homeostasis in the chronodisrupted rat model and moderation by melatonin administration
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Avnish Kumar Verma, Sandeep Singh, Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
Blood plasma consists of many different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems that help attenuate the free radical levels, and permitting them to perform useful biological functions without excessive damage (Valko et al. 2006). Our results demonstrate that the total antioxidant potential of plasma, measured as FRAP as a reliable index of antioxidant status, was reduced in the oxidative stressed condition of ALAN. Melatonin supplementation significantly enhanced the ability of plasma to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+. Increase in FRAP activity may result from increased melatonin concentration in plasma that binds Fe3+, and converts it to a more biologically usable form of iron (Fe2+) (Piechota et al. 2010). Our results are in agreement with previous reports demonstrating that melatonin administration improves the antioxidant potential of plasma in DNA strand break repair (Piechota and Goraca 2009), including in the BALB/c mouse model (Pohanka et al. 2012).