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Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Indeed, the production of radicals and their role in aging is well understood. Further research may apply this knowledge in the development of a practical method to prevent or repair mtDNA radical damage in order to extend life span. However, according to Yan (79), a moderate level of oxidative stress, induced by a variety of stressors, can yield great beneficial effects on adaptive cellular responses to pathological challenges in aging and aging-associated disease tolerance such as ischemia tolerance.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Aging and Healthspan
Published in Shamim I. Ahmad, Aging: Exploring a Complex Phenomenon, 2017
The promising results of preclinical studies of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants and mitochondrial protective peptides discussed above have led to clinical trials on neurodegenerative, cardiac, and renal ischemia–reperfusion injury, skeletal muscle and ocular diseases, heart failure as well as mitochondrial diseases.244,245 The roles of these interventions on aging and aging-associated diseases warrant further clinical investigations as several preclinical studies have demonstrated their great therapeutic potential in various diseases.
Proactive Nutrition
Published in Robert Fried, Lynn Nezin, Evidence-Based Proactive Nutrition to Slow Cellular Aging, 2017
How olive oil targets accelerated aging could explain the reduced risk of aging-associated diseases, and increased longevity associated with the consumption of a typical Mediterranean diet containing this oil as the predominant fat source. The high concentration of polyphenols is known to have beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Fernández del Río et al. 2016).
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor restores blood–brain barrier integrity of aged mice after ischaemic stroke/reperfusion through anti-inflammation via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Dan Han, Fengyang Li, Haixia Zhang, Cheng Ji, Qing Shu, Cheng Wang, Huanyu Ni, Yun Zhu, Siliang Wang
With the increase of human lifespan, ageing-associated diseases (including stroke) add great burden to social security. Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world [20]. Due to its amplification of pro-inflammatory condition, ageing is not only one primary risk factor of ischaemic stroke, but also a sign of poor prognosis. BBB is an important interface between CNS and peripheral circulation and BBB disruption is recognised as vital pathological process in early brain injury after ischaemic stroke [21,22]. The BBB of the aged will, in turn, counter more serious pro-inflammatory responses to stroke [23]. Our study confirmed that aged MCAO/R group suffered obviously worse BBB disruption and inflammation than young MCAO/R group. Therefore, interventions targeting specific pathways involved in pro or anti-inflammation become particularly appealing in the treatment of ischaemic stroke of the elderly.
Let-7 microRNA as a potential therapeutic target with implications for immunotherapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2018
Maud-Emmanuelle Gilles, Frank J Slack
let-7 is the most studied miRNA in biology and the let-7 family plays a major role in the regulation of pluripotency and differentiation in many species. It plays a major role in various process including development, lifespan, cell proliferation, differentiation, signaling pathways, apoptosis and metabolism but also in aging-associated diseases, viral infections, genetic disorders and cancer [82]. Here we have collated a non-exhaustive list of examples and scientific reports which highlight that let-7 family members are an important node in the miRNA regulatory network that governs the immune response. More specifically, through regulation of Toll-like receptors, immune cell activation, T-cell anergy, and cytokine regulation, let-7 appears to be a great tool for immunotherapy. Specifically, let-7 therapy could be beneficial for some specific immune cell types including macrophages [70], lymphocytes T cells (NK, CD8+, CD4+, Treg) [67,68,73,77], lymphocytes B cells [69] and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells [81]. As novel systems of drug delivery for RNA medicine have emerged [25,29,30], the reintroduction of let-7 could be a strategy for the modulation of immune reactions and immunotherapy in cancer. However, as let-7 is closely linked to immune response in various cancer cell models, utilization of RNA medicine for human therapy has to be handled with care and precision.
The annoying flaws of gerontological research
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2022
Magomed Khaidakov, Valeria Troshina, Dmitry Menglet, Yusef Yusef, Alexander Plotkin
And last but not least. Since the foundation of NIH in 1946, funds are no longer awarded for research per se. Money is given for a somewhat scientifically credible promise to solve a specific problem. There is nothing wrong with that but to keep money flowing, the given promise needs to be regularly reinforced because negative results are toxic for funding and the continuing sustenance of researchers. This creates a vicious circle of meaningless ‘science’ and waste of our intellectual and material resources. More importantly, it makes the prospects of finding working solutions for delaying aging and effective treatments for aging-associated diseases rather dim.