China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Hexane extract of the whole plant yielded epifriedelinol acetate,681 whereas the petroleum extract gave sitosterol and friedelin. Shukla et al.685 reported the presence of iridoid glycosides, viz. asperuloside, paederoside, scandoside; triterpenoids, viz., hentriacontane, cerylalcohol, hentriacontanol, palmitic acid; and the steroids, viz., sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and ursolic acid. Bose et al.686 reported the presence of methyl mercaptan responsible for the fetid odor of the plant.
Cyanides, sulfides, and carbon monoxide
Published in Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach, Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach
Ethylmercaptan, methylmercaptan, and other mercaptans in high concentrations cause cyanosis, convulsions, hemolytic anemia, fever, coma, and irreversible depression of cerebral function. Perchloromethyl-mercaptan is a severe pulmonary irritant. Allyl propyl disulfide (onion oil) is a mild pulmonary and mucous membrane irritant.
Renal System
Published in David Sturgeon, Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology for Healthcare Students, 2018
The colour, clarity and odour of urine can provide a great deal of information about a person’s general state of health. Normal urine is typically transparent and ranges in colour from pale yellow to bright amber. Lack of colour is usually not a concern but may indicate excessive fluid consumption or diabetes insipidus (see above). Red or pinkish urine, on the other hand, suggests the presence of blood (haematuria). However, it is important to remember that certain foods such as beetroot and blackberries contain a red pigment which could be responsible for this change in colour. It is also important to discretely enquire whether menstrual blood could have coloured the sample. Cloudy urine often indicates urinary tract infection (UTI) and may contain white blood cells, bacteria, pus and large amounts of mucous. A foamy or frothy specimen is usually a sign of protein in the urine. If you have ever beaten eggs in a bowl and then washed it under a tap, you will have seen it froth and foam as protein from the eggs react with water. A slight odour is not uncommon in a normal urine specimen but strong or foul-smelling urine usually indicates that the sample is highly concentrated or infected. A sweet or fruity odour (acetone), on the other hand, is associated with ketone formation (see below) which may occur as a result of diabetes mellitus, starvation or dehydration. Some foods such as asparagus can also produce strong smelling urine. In this instance, what you can smell is the breakdown of a sulphur compound called methyl mercaptan or methanethiol. There is also a rare genetic condition called trimethylaminuria (fish odour syndrome) which causes urine, sweat and breath to smell strongly of fish.
Intramuscular cobinamide as an antidote to methyl mercaptan poisoning
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2021
Tara B. Hendry-Hofer, Patrick C. Ng, Alison M. McGrath, Kirsten Soules, David S. Mukai, Adriano Chan, Joseph K. Maddry, Carl W. White, Jangwoen Lee, Sari B. Mahon, Matthew Brenner, Gerry R. Boss, Vikhyat S. Bebarta
Methyl mercaptan has several mechanisms of toxicity. First, like cyanide and hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan inhibits mitochondrial cyctochrome c oxidase, thereby disrupting the electron transport chain, reducing ATP production, and increasing production of reactive oxygen species (Wilms et al. 1980; Fang et al. 2019; Hendry-Hofer et al. 2020). Second, methyl mercaptan can bind to proteins and erythrocytes and can reduce blood oxygen carrying capacity (Wilms et al. 1980; NLM 2020). And third, methyl mercaptan inhibits multiple enzymes including sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase), affecting bioelectrical activities, resulting in lethargy, muscle weakness, seizures, and even paralysis (Methyl mercaptan 2012).
Methyl mercaptan gas: mechanisms of toxicity and demonstration of the effectiveness of cobinamide as an antidote in mice and rabbits
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
George P. Philipopoulos, John Tat, Adriano Chan, Jingjing Jiang, David Mukai, Tanya Burney, Melody Doosty, Sari Mahon, Hemal H. Patel, Carl W. White, Matthew Brenner, Jangwoen Lee, Gerry R. Boss
Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), also known as methanethiol and mercaptothiol, is a colorless, flammable gas. It is used in the production of oil, paper, plastics, jet fuels, and pesticides [1]. It is also used as a chemical odorant to detect natural gas leaks due to its pungent smell of rotting cabbage [2]. It is produced in humans during methionine or cysteine catabolism in the mouth and colon, contributing to the smell of halitosis and flatulence, respectively [3].