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Neuropeptide Regulation of Ion Channels and Food Intake
Published in Tian-Le Xu, Long-Jun Wu, Nonclassical Ion Channels in the Nervous System, 2021
GLP-1-expressing neurons also suppress the motivation for food reward by projecting to extrahypothalamic areas such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), lateral septum, and PVT. Intra-BNST GLP-1 injection potently reduces both regular and high-fat food intake, whereas injection of GLP-1 receptor antagonist in BNST has no effect on regular food consumption but suppresses hypophagia induced by acute stress (Williams et al. 2018). In addition to BNST, both PVT and lateral septum are innervated by GLP-1 neurons in NTS. Injections of GLP-1 receptor agonists in PVT and lateral septum both decrease the motivation for food reward in rodents (Ong, Liu, et al. 2017; Terrill et al. 2016; Terrill, Maske, and Williams 2018). These findings together indicate that activation of endogenous GLP-1 signaling suppresses the motivation for food which contributes to stress-induced hypophagia.
Nutritional Status and Relationship to Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Advanced Cancer Receiving Palliative Care
Published in Victor R. Preedy, Handbook of Nutrition and Diet in Palliative Care, 2019
Giacomo Bovio, Maria Luisa Fonte
A study (Sarhill et al., 2003) was completed on 352 patients with metastatic tumour referrals to a palliative medicine program. Weight loss was detected in 307 patients with 71% showing a weight loss greater than 10% compared to healthy state body weight. BMI showed no alterations due probably to the previous presence of obesity in most patients. Eight-three percent of patients had hypophagia. The authors recorded a reduced energy intake (EI) and body composition alterations: 51% of patients showed a reduction in fat mass (measured by Tsf) and 30% had a reduced AMA. Median albumin was 3.2 g/dL. Sixty-six percent of patients were hypoalbuminemic. Of 50 patients 74% had a high CRP.
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
A difficulty in swallowing, rather than a reduction in food intake. The term APHAGIA is used to refer to the absence (or near absence) of FEEDING; the term HYPOPHAGIA can be used to indicate a reduction (rather than an absence or near absence) in normal food intake.
Botryosphaeran Attenuates Tumor Development and the Cancer Cachexia Syndrome in Walker-256 Tumor-Bearing Obese Rats and Improves the Metabolic and Hematological Profiles of These Rats
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Patrícia K. Comiran, Mariana C. Ribeiro, John H. G. Silva, Kamila O. Martins, Izabella A. Santos, Ana Emilia F. Chiaradia, Amadeu Z. Silva, Robert F. H. Dekker, Aneli M. Barbosa-Dekker, Pâmela Alegranci, Eveline A. I. F. Queiroz
The feed intake represented by the decreased consumption of food and water by the obese rats may be related to hypophagia, due to the increase in serum levels of leptin, which is synthesized and secreted by the adipocytes in response to controlling satiety in the hypothalamus (27), as well as its relationship to the type of nutrients presented by the diet. Even with the reduced consumption of feed, the OT and OTB groups became obese, suggesting that obesity can occur even without an increase in food consumption (28). Our data corroborated with that reported by Jacob et al. (29), who evaluated the isocaloric consumption of the animals that received a high-fat diet and compared this to the group that received the standard diet. They found that the animals did not present significant changes in the consumption of calories, but on the other hand, food consumption was statistically lower compared to the control group.
Efficacy of dextromethorphan for the treatment of depression: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2021
Amna Majeed, Jiaqi Xiong, Kayla M. Teopiz, Jason Ng, Roger Ho, Joshua D. Rosenblat, Lee Phan, Bing Cao, Roger S. McIntyre
Saavedra et al. (2020) reported that 32 mg/kg DXM administration produced antidepressant-like effects in C57BL/6 mice at 30 min [t(15) = 2.44, p < 0.05] but not at 24 h [t(20) = 0.31, p = 0.76] posttreatment when using the TST assay [32]. However, sustained (i.e. 24 hours post administration) antidepressant-like effects of 32 mg/kg DXM were not observed in neither the TST [t(20) = 0.31, p = 0.76] nor the novelty-induced hypophagia assay [F(3,27) = 12.62, p < 0.001]. The novelty-induced hypophagia (NIH) assay is a behavioral assay that assesses the sustained antidepressant-like properties of pharmacological agents. Animals are placed in a novel chamber and presented with food that they trained to eat. Their latency to consume the food is subsequently recorded; animals typically exhibit delayed onset of eating when exposed to a novel environment. Ketamine and repeated administration of traditional antidepressants (e.g. SSRIs) have been shown to decrease the latency to feed in NIH [32,41]. Importantly, the researchers also observed anxiety-like behaviors in mice when a higher dose of DXM (56 kg/mg) was administered [32].
Investigational drugs for the treatment of cancer cachexia: a focus on phase I and phase II clinical trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2019
Alessio Molfino, Maria Ida Amabile, Antonella Giorgi, Massimo Monti, Vito D’Andrea, Maurizio Muscaritoli
Key features that contribute to cancer cachexia are recognized in anorexia, defined as the reduction or loss of the desire to eat, and consequent hypophagia and negative energy and protein balance, and in several metabolic derangements, such as muscle proteolysis, increased inflammatory status, and impaired carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism [3–6]. These conditions may severely impair patients’ quality of life.