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Avoiding Risky Substances and Environmental Exposures
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Natasha DeJarnett, Neha Pathak
Endocrine disrupting hormones are associated with adverse effects on child development, including early reproductive tract development, pubertal development, neurodevelopment, and obesity, and are commonly found in cosmetics and personal care products.72 The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences found that Latina girls exposed daily to personal care products (including makeup, soaps, hair products, oral hygiene products, and sunscreen) demonstrated higher levels of endocrine disruptors detected in their urine, putting these girls at higher risk due to their critical age in hormonal development.73 Reproductive disorders associated with endocrine disruptors are associated with exposures in long-term exposures early in life or in adulthood.74
Lifestyle Management Approaches to Male Infertility
Published in Botros Rizk, Ashok Agarwal, Edmund S. Sabanegh, Male Infertility in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Kristian Leisegang, Sulagna Dutta
Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with normal hormonal developmental and physiological function at certain dosages in utero, in children, or in adults. Specifically, in male reproduction, endocrine disruptors are focused on chemicals that include estrogens, estrogen receptor ligands, and antiandrogens [83,93,94]. Important environmental risks associated with male infertility include those rich in natural and synthetic endocrine disruptors [94]. Compounds with these biological properties include pesticides (e.g., organophosphates, organochlorine, and bipyridyl herbicide) and synthetic pollutants prominently including bisphenol A (BPA), dioxins, phthalates, and toxic metals [93]. Exposure is typically through maternal transfer in fetal development and through nutritional sources predominantly in children and adults [93,94]. Dietary and nutritional food supply is a vehicle in the modern diet for the exposure to excessive environmental exogenous endocrine disruptors. These are particularly derived through dairy, meat, and soy [42].
Normal pubertal development and the menstrual cycle as a vital sign *
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
It is plausible that the earlier onset of breast development is related to environmental factors. These factors are called endocrine disruptors and are environmental chemicals, dietary supplements, and/or medications that interfere with the endocrine system.8 There is evidence from animal studies that endocrine disruptors affect pubertal timing, but studies in humans have been more difficult and are not currently well understood.5 More research is needed to understand how medications, environmental agents, and nutritional deficiencies, as well as supplements, can impact pubertal timing. One environmental agent that was found to disrupt puberty in animals and is found in higher levels in children with higher adiposity is biphenol A (BPA). Found in plastic bottles and toys, it has been linked to having an estrogenic effect at low levels and to competing with endogenous estrogen for binding and antiandrogenic properties at higher levels.9 Chemicals, pesticides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and flame retardants are present across the ecosystem and have been detected in humans.9 Exposure to a broad mixture of environmental contaminants makes it challenging to determine if these substances are playing a role in pubertal timing and what that role is; however, growing evidence suggests there is environmental impact on pubertal timing.
Developmental exposure to the A6-pesticide causes changes in tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression, neurochemistry, and locomotors behavior in larval zebrafish
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2022
Ahmed Nasri, Pierre-André Lafon, Amine Mezni, Philippe Clair, Nicolas Cubedo, Ezzeddine Mahmoudi, Hamouda Beyrem, Mireille Rossel, Véronique Perrier
The use of biological origin pesticides in agriculture presents more and more risk due to their gradual accumulation in aquatic environments (Tejada et al. 2017). In addition, an increasing number of these compounds are now considered endocrine disruptors (EDCs) (Jiang et al. 2016; Nasri et al. 2021a). Estrogenic EDCs act by modulating the interaction between 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrogen receptors (ER) that deregulate physiological functions (Sonnenschein and Soto 1998). Nasri et al. (2016a) showed that A6 exercised anti-estrogenic activity and down-regulate cell proliferation in the zebrafish brain after the decrease of gene transcription of ER. It has been demonstrated also that α-terthienyl has the capacity to inhibit several enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) both in vitro and in vivo leading to important consequences in mosquito larvae nervous system (Nivsarkar et al. 2001). New data have shown that A6 at 5 mg/kg accelerates the prion pathology in mice after treatment (Lafon et al. 2018). Generally, biopesticides classified as EDCs have shown harmful effects on the nervous system development in aquatic organisms (Legradi et al. 2018). Neurotoxicity caused by these environmental pollutants was responsible for changes in locomotors' behavior and an alteration in the regulation of the dopaminergic systems (Paiva et al. 2020).
Molecular interactions of vinclozolin metabolites with human estrogen receptors 1GWR-α and 1QKM and androgen receptor 2AM9-β: Implication for endocrine disruption
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2020
Haroon Habib, Md Rafi Haider, Shikha Sharma, Shahzad Ahmad, Sadaf Dabeer, Mohammad Shahar Yar, Sheikh Raisuddin
VCZ and its metabolites have attained the consideration of researchers and regulatory agencies for their likely impact on human health (Molina-Molina et al. 2006; Hong et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2018). Screening of chemicals with a capability of endocrine disruption and their possible mechanisms can help in determining their risks (Walker and McEldowney 2013; Bhhatarai et al. 2016). Interaction of EDCs with nuclear receptors is amongst the highly considerable mechanisms for determining their impact on human health and their screening for regulatory purposes (Eswar et al. 2003; Kristensen et al. 2016; Judson et al. 2018). In recent years in silico techniques have received much attention for the screening purposes of the chemical compounds including EDCs (D’Ursi et al. 2005; Bhhatarai et al. 2016). Techniques such as molecular docking have been widely used for the screening of several endocrine disruptors as screening tool in their risk assessment (D’Ursi et al. 2005; Pang et al. 2018; Li et al. 2018). Docking techniques are based on 3D structure interaction of nuclear receptors and EDCs and thus can predict the involvement of nuclear receptor mediated pathways in endocrine disrupting activity of a compound (Anway et al. 2006; Raisuddin and Sharma 2018; Sharma et al. 2019).
Maternal exposure to endocrine disruptors and placental transmission: a pilot study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2018
Donatella Caserta, Samantha Pegoraro, Maddalena Mallozzi, Luisa Di Benedetto, Elena Colicino, Luana Lionetto, Maurizio Simmaco
An endocrine disruptor (ED) is defined as an ‘exogenous substance or mixture that alters function(s) of the endocrine system’ [1]. Endocrine disruptors, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS], perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], di2-ethylhexyl-phthalate [DEHP] and mono2-ethylhexyl-phthalate [MEHP]), are widely spread globally. They have been reported that EDs are present in urine, blood serum, breast milk and amniotic fluid [2]. Humans may encounter EDs daily and during all stages of life, from conception and fetal development to adulthood and senescence. Nevertheless, prenatal and early postnatal windows are the most critical for proper development. As concerns pregnant women, the placental barrier is not completely impermeable to the passage of harmful substances and EDs can be detected not only in placental tissues, but also in amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood [3].