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Nonparametric Methods
Published in Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie, Principles of Biostatistics, 2022
Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie
Sample median values of adjusted operative stay are 0.67 days for the 46 patients who were scalded, 0.83 days for the 9 who suffered a chemical burn, 0.35 days for 20 patients injured by a hot object, 1.00 days for 13 individuals with an electrical burn, and 1.09 days for the 129 patients with flame burns. The Stata output for the Kruskal-Wallis test is shown in Table 13.11, and the R output in Table 13.12. With , the null hypothesis
The Medicolegal Autopsy
Published in Kevin L. Erskine, Erica J. Armstrong, Water-Related Death Investigation, 2021
Chemical burns can mimic thermal injury. Most chemical burns are caused by caustic acidic or basic chemicals. Acidic chemicals produce dry, hardened, darkened, leathery burns as a result of a type of tissue destruction known as coagulative necrosis of the proteins. Basic chemicals, including gasoline, cause liquefaction of the proteins and saponification of the fats with damage that extends deep under the skin, causing more severe injury and swelling. The severity of injury is in part dependent upon the strength and concentration of the chemical and the length of time the chemical was in contact with the skin. Ingestion of acidic and basic chemicals can produce severe internal injury. The act of ingestion and the reflexive vomiting triggered by the chemical may produce patterned injury around the mouth and onto the skin of other body regions (even through clothing) as a result of gravity-assisted dripping and drainage (Figure 7.40A and B). Allergic reactions to antibiotics can result in burn-like reddening and sloughing of the skin but are less commonly seen and mainly involve hospitalized patients.
Trauma and Poisoning
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Extremely high temperatures also cause burns, although the term burn technically applies to tissue injury from electrical or chemical insult as well as thermal injuries. Burns can be classified as superficial, in which regeneration occurs rapidly from uninjured epidermal elements* or deep burns, which destroy the epidermis and much of the dermis. Electrical burns result from heat generated at the point of skin contact with the conductor, the area of highest electrical resistance, which can reach temperatures up to 5000° Celsius. Because of the intense heat, tissue damage is often more severe and widespread than at first apparent. Chemical burns result from exposure to irritating chemicals of various types and may slowly extend for several hours. Inhalation burns usually are caused by inhalation of the products of incomplete combustion, which are irritants, rather than by heat. Usually, only steam inhalation causes actual thermal damage to the respiratory tract.
Chemical mismanagement and skin burns among hospitalized and outpatient department patients
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Salman Majeed, Mati Ur Rahman, Hammad Majeed, Sami Ur Rahman, Asif Hayat, Sandra D. Smith
This study has certain limitations. First, this study was conducted in Fujian province. The causes of chemical skin burns may be different in other locations. Although the reported skin burn cases are documented in many industries across Fujian province, there could be still many other kinds of industries where chemical skin burns might have occurred and not been reported, which needs to be counted. This study solely focused on chemical burns of the skin; chemical burns of the eye, internal organs or other parts of the body were not under the scope of this study. Future studies may be conducted in other regions with efforts to incorporate the other industries’ data. Despite chemical burns of the skin, chemical burns of other parts of the body can also be studied in the light of the findings of the present study. Although the present study is the first research attempt to study chemical burns of the skin in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized groups, it might be possible that many chemically burned victims did not visit any Fujian provincial hospital and, hence, are not reported in this study.
Re: Ocular injuries resulting from commercial cosmetic procedures
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Tiffany L M Yeung, Vivian Ho, Brian C Y Li, Kenneth K W Li
Topical anaesthetic abuse could be easily overlooked and misdiagnosed as infective keratitis. A delay in treatment could cause corneal perforation and blindness. If diagnosed in time and with proper treatment, vision could be preserved. We report a case of a 22-year-old male who presented to our clinic with bilateral painful red eyes after suffering from an ocular chemical burn. He had worn his soft daily contact lens after accidentally soaking them in a makeup remover. Presenting visual acuities were 6/38 in both eyes, with a pH of seven after copious eye irrigation. Slitlamp examination showed bilateral conjunctival injection with mild corneal oedema and large epithelial defects.
Sympathetic Ophthalmia Following Accidental Burn with Hot Water Involving the Other Eye
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Zahedur Rahman, Sowkath Ali, Parthopratim Dutta Majumder
Our patient had an oculo-facial scald injury 9 months back, which was managed conservatively and there was no evidence of ocular perforation clinically. Also, there was no history of surgical intervention in left eye, which could have led to uveal incarceration. In a case series of 22 eyes with SO following globe injury over a period of 5 years, Zhang et al.5 reported two cases of SO induced by chemical burn. The cause of SO was attributed to the ocular perforation caused by the chemical injury which led to incarceration of the uveal tract with subsequent development of SO in these cases.