China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
The implant material shows the proper response in a biological environment is referred as biocompatible. It also referred as the corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity of the products. Corrosion resistance [67–69] basically means the release of metallic ions from metal surface to the surrounding environment. There are many types of corrosion crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, galvanic corrosion, electrochemical corrosion, etc. Clinical significance of corrosion is that the implant made up of bio-material should have the corrosion resistance. Corrosion can results into rough surface, weak restoration, release of elements from the metal or alloy, toxic reactions, etc. There can be allergic reactions in patients due to corrosion.
Use of Ocular and Dermatotoxicologic Test Data in Product Development and in the Assessment of Chemical Hazards
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Although in a sense, irritation and corrosion are parts of a single spectrum of results, they have very different impacts on the development and handling of products. Corrosion is generally not acceptable when there will be substantial, unavoidable, skin contact — such as with topical pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and some consumer product (i.e., personal use) products. If a material is rapidly corrosive (such as hydrofluoric acid47 ), it would also not be acceptable for any form of consumer product or most forms of agricultural use. Dermally corrosive materials usually do not need to be evaluated for eye irritation (as it can be reasonably assumed to be at least a severe irritant in the eye).
Nickel Metal and Alloys
Published in Jurij J. Hostýnek, Howard I. Maibach, Nickel and the Skin, 2019
G. Norman Flint, C. Peter Cutler
A number of consequences of practical significance follow: Transient skin contact is rarely damaging.The rate of reaction of a nickel alloy with sweat may be too slow to generate a critical dose.The nature of the exposure may be such that corrosion products are washed or abraded away.The rate of reaction may differ markedly between persons as a result of differences in corrosivity of their sweat.
Exploring the functionalization of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with the novel antimicrobial peptide JIChis-2 via plasma polymerization
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Gabriella Teresinha Lima Teixeira, Rogério Valentim Gelamo, Malu Mateus Santos Obata, Leonardo Eurípedes de Andrade Silva, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, Carlo José Freire de Oliveira, Brunela Pereira da Silva, Idalina Vieira Aoki, Jeferson Aparecido Moreto, Natália Bueno Leite Slade
Considering that the release of metal ions can cause adverse effects on the organism (Prando et al. 2017), it is worth mentioning that the biocompatibility of biomedical devices is related to the corrosion resistance of these materials. Titanium-based materials have excellent corrosion resistance properties, which occur due to the spontaneous formation of a thin layer of titanium dioxide (2011; Maestro et al. 2021). This layer has a protective character and gives the material excellent biological properties (Lyon 2012; Panayotov et al. 2015). Despite this, these materials are susceptible to uniform and localized corrosion in aggressive environments such as the physiological environment (Trino et al. 2018). To explore the corrosion properties of the surfaces used in this study, immersion tests were carried out in a corrosive medium of 0.1 mol L−1 NaF solution at different immersion times (1, 3, 10, 15 and 24 h). The choice of this solution is attributed to the effect of fluoride ions, which affect the stability of the passive oxide layer of titanium-based materials through the dissolution of Ti (Sivakumar et al. 2011; Prando et al. 2017). Thus, it was possible to analyze the stability of the samples in this medium, considering the differences between the base material and the surfaces coated with PAA and with the peptide at different immersion times.
Protocol with non-toxic chemicals to control biofilm in dental unit waterlines: physical, chemical, mechanical and biological perspective
Published in Biofouling, 2022
Rachel Maciel Monteiro, Viviane de Cassia Oliveira, Rodrigo Galo, Denise de Andrade, Ana Maria Razaboni, Evandro Watanabe
Product A showed the greatest tendency to corrosion of stainless-steel samples. According to current density, Product B and Product AB had a similar curve and were statistically similar to the control. As the corrosion process develops, the chemical molecules that compose a material are transformed by their electrochemical reactions. In addition to oxidation, which implies the loss of electrons, reduction can promote an increase in the number of electrons (Gentil, 1996). Corrosion is the result of a process of the environment in each material, causing surface damage. Furthermore, electrochemical corrosion is a spontaneous process, which occurs in an aqueous environment when the metal is in contact with an electrolyte, in which anodic (electron loss) and cathodic (electron gain) reactions occur simultaneously (Revie and Uhlig 2008). Generally, 316 L stainless steel is attractive for biomedical applications due to its excellent corrosion resistance (Hryniewicz et al. 2009). It should be noted that the corrosion experiments in this study extrapolate the reality that would be carried out in dental clinical practice regarding exposure time and concentration of products with the dental unit components made of stainless steel, for example triple syringes and high-speed handpieces.
From laboratory tests to field trials: a review of cathodic protection and microbially influenced corrosion
Published in Biofouling, 2022
A. A. Thompson, J. L. Wood, E. A. Palombo, W. K. Green, S. A. Wade
Beyond the financial burdens associated with MIC, it also causes a variety of other challenges, with a key difficulty being the identification of the phenomenon. Corrosion comes in a variety of different forms, such as galvanic or crevice corrosion, and abiotic processes that can also lead to localised accelerated corrosion attacks. As such, the presence/detection of certain microbes alone is not a guarantee that MIC is responsible for the degradation (Little et al. 2006; Wade et al. 2011). Once MIC has been identified, other challenges arise surrounding the treatment and prevention of further MIC (Javaherdashti 2017b; Little et al. 2020). Treatment incurs costs in both time and money as the structures suffering from MIC need to be cleaned and repaired where necessary. MIC can also occur in places where traffic (e.g. shipping) and location (e.g. below water level) can present additional difficulties in identification and remediation.