China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Acquired Disorders of the Neck
Published in Raymond W Clarke, Diseases of the Ear, Nose & Throat in Children, 2023
Blunt trauma may result from falls, sports injuries, traffic accidents and strangulation. The main concern here is airway obstruction, which can be delayed, hence the need for vigilance with admission and careful monitoring. If there is any concern that the larynx or trachea have been injured early involvement of the ORL team, to include laryngotracheoscopy – ideally under controlled conditions in the OR avoiding ‘blind’ ET intubation – is essential.
Chest Trauma, Iatrogenic Trauma including drainage tubes and some Post-surgical Conditions and Complications of Radiotherapy.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
This is the third commonest cause of death (after coronary heart disease and cancer) and is therefore an important subject for the radiologist as well as the accident surgeon, thoracic surgeon, etc. Chest trauma may be relatively trivial or life threatening, particularly when there are multiple concomitant injuries to the head, face, abdomen, or limbs, etc. Injuries may be penetrating, with knife or bullet wounds, but are more commonly due to blunt trauma. This may give rise to rib and/or sternal fractures, a flail anterior or lateral chest wall or damage to the diaphragm and/or heart or great vessels. The dorsal spine may be injured together with cord compression. Intra-thoracic nerves, such as the phrenics, may be stretched or divided.
Ophthalmic Injuries
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
The fundus should be examined with an ophthalmoscope. Blunt trauma can cause: Vitreous haemorrhage and a hazy/absent fundus viewRetinal pallor and haemorrhages (commotio and sclopetaria retinae)Retinal tears, detachment and dialysis (detachment occurs on average 2 weeks post-trauma).11 If it is impossible to examine the eye as a result of severe periorbital swelling, specialist advice should be sought from an ophthalmologist.
Lower urinary tract injuries in patients with pelvic fractures at a level 1 trauma center – an 11-year experience
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2023
Lasse Rehné Jensen, Andreas Røder, Emma Possfelt-Møller, Upender Martin Singh, Mikael Aagaard, Allan Evald Nielsen, Lars Bo Svendsen, Luit Penninga
A total of 1061 patients with pelvic, including acetabular, fractures were admitted to our Level 1 Trauma Centre. A total of 39 (5%) with pelvic fractures had concomitant urethral and/or bladder injuries. A total of 259 patients had isolated acetabular fractures without pelvic involvement of which one patient (0.4%) had a bladder injury. Urological injuries were identified or suspected clinically, e.g. in case of hematuria or catheter problems, or in combination with trauma CT. If necessary, additional urological diagnostic investigations, such as cystoscopy and urography, were performed. Two subjects (14 and 20) had combined urethral/bladder injury and are included as urethral injury. All patients suffered from blunt trauma. Patient and trauma characteristics are listed in Tables 1 and 2.
Implementing a hospital-based violence intervention program for assault-injured youth: implications for social work practice
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2023
Michael A. Mancini, Kristen L. Mueller, Vicki Moran, Victoria Anwuri, Randi E. Foraker, Kateri Chapman-Kramer
The United States (US) is currently experiencing a public health crisis in community violence, particularly for youth, that requires a multidisciplinary approach to prevention and intervention (Cunningham et al., 2009; David-Ferdon et al., 2021; Kegler et al., 2022; Kim & Brohi, 2019). Community-based violence is a form of interpersonal violence that occurs outside the home (e.g. parks, school, streets) and involves persons who are not family members such as rivals, strangers, school mates, acquaintances or friends. Injuries can include penetrating (e.g. firearm, stabbing) or blunt trauma (e.g. fists/feet, sticks, bricks) (Decker et al., 2018). In 2020, there were nearly 25,000 homicides in the U.S. with 80% being firearm-related. From 2019 to 2020, the firearm homicide rate per 100,000 persons increased from 4.6 to 6.1; a 35% increase (Kegler et al., 2022). Injuries due to assaults have also been on the rise. In 2019, nearly 1.4 million emergency room (ER) visits were due to assault-related injuries representing a 15% increase from 2018.
Impact of Trauma Center Designation Level on the Survival of Trauma Patients Transported by Police in the United States
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2022
Ghassan Bou Saba, Rana Bachir, Mazen El Sayed
The total number of trauma patients in the dataset is 997,970 and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final number of patients included in the analysis was 2,788. Patients were mostly males (84.6%) with a median age of 35 years (interquartile range 26–49) with over half being African American (Table 1). They predominantly had preexisting comorbidities (64.1%). Most had a mild GCS (13–15) (89.5%) and only 17.4% were recorded to have severe traumatic injuries with ISS ≥ 16 (Table 1). Few arrived with no signs of life to the hospital (4.6%). The most common trauma type was blunt trauma (61.4%) followed by penetrating injuries (32.2%) and burns (1.5%) (Table 2). Around half of the injuries were the result of assault (49.4%) and 43.0% were unintentional. Head and neck injuries were most common (40.8%) followed by extremities (27.4%) then torso injuries (25.0%) (Table 2). Approximately half of the patients were admitted to floor bed/observation unit/step-down unit (50.7%) while 18.9% and 19.8% went to the Operating room or Intensive care unit respectively (Table 3). Overall survival to hospital discharge was 93.2% (Table 3).