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IoT in the Healthcare Sector
Published in Govind Singh Patel, Seema Nayak, Sunil Kumar Chaudhary, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Big Data, and Internet of Things for Healthcare, 2023
A.K. Awasthi, Sanjeev Kumar, Arun Kumar Garov
To look into the stomach and collect information about the PH levels or any kind of injury which is invasive and causes bleeding, high-quality cameras are used. Cameras with ingestible IoT sensors can travel through the digestive tract to accomplish the same purpose in a less invasive way. Internal bleeding is better seen through these devices but it is not an easy task to put the camera inside the body. Therefore, these devices should be very small so that they can be easily swallowed easily. They must also be able to dissolve or pass through the human body cleanly on their own. Several companies are working on ingestible sensors so that they meet the required standards.
Catastrophic Haemorrhage
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
Haemorrhage will be either external or internal. External haemorrhage is (usually) obvious but it is essential to check the back, the buttocks, groins, axillae and perineum. Internal bleeding will be into one of the four main potential spaces within the body; the chest, abdomen and retroperitoneum, the pelvis and the thighs (from femoral shaft fractures). When searching for the sources of blood loss, it is useful to remember ‘blood on the floor and four more’. The identification of internal bleeding forms part of the second C and is therefore not part of <C>.
Assessment and recognition of emergencies in acute care
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
The circulatory system is the transport mechanism by which the oxygenated blood is distributed to the tissues. A detailed cardiovascular assessment is discussed in Chapter 6. Looking at the patient should reveal any obvious massive blood loss, though internal bleeding is not readily apparent. Patient pallor, as a result of sympathetic nervous system-mediated vasoconstriction, is an indicator of poor cardiac output. A grey sweaty patient is extremely unwell, and expert help should be sought immediately.
Clinical efficacy of recombinant human thrombopoietin combined with glucocorticoids in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia
Published in Hematology, 2022
Jing-xin Zhou, Ling Gao, Nan Hu, Zhi-Ling Yan, Chun-ying Tian, Jing Su, Ji-Jin Qi, Jun-shuai Yue, Wen-tong Ma
As a common disorder of the hematological system, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease caused by thrombocytopenia [1]. At disease onset, most patients with ITP exhibit only a reduction in platelet (PLT) count, and only approximately 5% of patients experience severe bleeding symptoms. The risk of bleeding events increases with disease progression and aging, and predominant clinical manifestations typically include bleeding from the nasal cavity, skin, and gums, as well as internal bleeding in severe cases, which can endanger the patient [2]. The current objective of ITP treatment is to elevate PLT levels to within the normal range and reduce the occurrence of bleeding events. Glucocorticoids remain the first-line drugs for ITP in clinical practice and effectively relieve thrombocytopenia symptoms; however, only 40–50% of patients achieve a persistent response following discontinuation or hormone reduction. Moreover, long-term glucocorticoid therapy is well-known to be associated with adverse effects, thereby impacting therapeutic efficacy [3, 4].
On the importance of tunica intima in the aging aorta: a three-layered in silico model for computing wall stresses in abdominal aortic aneurysms
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Mario de Lucio, Marcos Fernández García, Jacobo Díaz García, Luis Esteban Romera Rodríguez, Francisco Álvarez Marcos
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a balloon-like, localized enlargement of the aorta that bulges out beyond the normal diameter of the blood vessel. AAAs affect about 3% of the world population over the age of 50 (LeFevre 2014). Associated risk factors are mostly lifestyle-related (smoking, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure), although a heritable component can also play a role. They usually remain asymptomatic until rupture, which can lead to life-threatening internal bleeding with an in-hospital mortality of about 40% and a pre-hospitalization overall mortality of 80% (Kühnl et al. 2017). Repair of an AAA may be done either by open surgery or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Open repair, as any surgical procedure, may associate with a non-negligible rate of complications such as bleeding during or after surgery, myocardial infarction, respiratory impairment or graft infection. On the other hand, EVAR is a minimally invasive technique that only requires small incisions in the groin, but requires a more strict postoperative surveillance over time.
Prehospital trauma care evolution, practice and controversies: need for a review
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2020
Control of bleeding and prevention of haemorrhagic shock is one of the key goals in a bleeding trauma patient. For a patient who is bleeding externally, direct pressure with a gauze or elevation of the limb is very simple measures that can be taught and practiced by any bystander. Tourniquets that were once popular became unpopular because of gangrene and ischemic loss of limb due to improper use of tourniquet. The pendulum is again swinging in favour of tourniquets because of experience from conflict areas in Iraq and Afghanistan where bleeding from blast injuries to the limb could be reduced by ‘supervised’ use of surgical tourniquets (ATLS Subcommittee, American College of Surgeons’ Committee on Trauma, & International ATLS working group, 2013). Another study reports the use of arterial tourniquets in prehospital emergency care has been fraught with controversy and superstition for many years despite the potential utility of these tools. However, after the military experience on the supervised use of tourniquets its use is increasing. Safe prehospital tourniquet use is widespread in the military and is based on sound physiologic data and clinical experience from the surgical use of tourniquets (Shackelford et al., 2017). Internal bleeding is difficult to assess, and in a patient with suspected internal bleeding, the goal should be to reach the patient as early as possible to a definitive care facility for definitive treatment.