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The Twentieth Century and Beyond
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
Today, dermatologists spend a considerable amount of time in each office visit counseling patients on the proper way to care for their largest organ. There are countless skin care products available; some have more evidence behind their promises than others. A simple and evidence-based skin care regimen for the face involves cleansing the face with a gentle cleanser twice daily, the morning application of a moisturizer with a sun-protective factor (SPF 15 or higher) along with an antioxidant lotion that contains Vitamin C, and the nighttime application of a moisturizer along with a retinoid cream. Vitamin C binds the sun-generated free radicals and prevents aging of our skin, while retinoids repair the actual damage from the sun. The earlier in a person's life this routine is started, the more likely a person will appreciate the benefits of it later in life. Other evidence-based products are fluorouracil cream, hydroquinone, and alpha and beta hydroxy acids. The secret to finding the right skin care products, and not modern-day snake oil, is to research the product's ingredients.
Answers
Published in Ken Addley, MCQs, MEQs and OSPEs in Occupational Medicine, 2023
The most common cause of occupational dermatitis is contact irritant dermatitis, and this usually resolves with a combination of removing exposure from the offending agents as well as an appropriate skin care regime aimed at improving the skin integrity and the waxy outer layer of the stratum corneum. Avoiding the workplace substance that causes symptoms is essential. Often a number of agents may be at fault, and it may be that removal from the workplace is required for a period of time. It is also necessary to consider whether a combination of irritation and allergy is causing the problem in which case referral to a contact dermatitis clinic should be considered.
Meeting personal needs: elimination
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Soap and water is not advised for skin cleansing following incontinence; soap removes the skin’s natural oils, causing dryness and could alter the pH from its natural acid state (Ananthapadmanabhan et al. 2004). Skin cleansers have evaluated well in several small studies (Bale et al. 2004; Bliss et al. 2006). Barrier creams can help prevent skin damage caused by incontinence. Barrier creams are protective products, designed to form an occlusive barrier between the skin and noxious substances, not to be confused with emollients that moisturise the skin (Voegeli 2008). Beeckman et al. (2010) recommend that optimal skin care should be provided according to a structured perineal skin care programme, including a skin cleanser, moisturiser and skin protectant. A barrier cream that contains dimethicone can provide an almost invisible barrier, and it will not affect the absorbency of body-worn continence pads (Beldon 2012).
Dermocosmetics: beneficial adjuncts in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Elena Araviiskaia, Jose Luis Lopez Estebaranz, Carlo Pincelli
Exposome factors can impact the severity and duration of acne, as the skin is a major interface between the external environment and the body (8). Exposome is the term used to describe the collective environmental factors that an individual is exposed to in their lifetime (9). For instance, aggressive skin care regimens and inappropriate cosmetics (e.g. too greasy or oily, soaps with an alkaline pH) (10) can cause acne flares by changing the skin barrier and microbiota, thus triggering inflammation (8). Additionally, ultraviolet (UV) rays have been found to thicken the stratum corneum and increase sebum production and comedone formation, leading to changes in the skin microbiota and exacerbation of acne (8,11,12). As such, exposure to detrimental environmental factors should be limited; skincare products should be carefully selected to improve skin barrier function and limit irritation, and daily photoprotection is important to minimize UV exposure (8).
Nicotinamide extrudates as novel anti-aging and collagen promoting platform: a comparative cosmeceutical study versus the gel form
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Abdullah Alyoussef, Maha Nasr, Rania F. Ahmed, Omar A. H. Ahmed Farid, Rofanda Bakeer, Hrushikesh Karandikar, Anant Paradkar
Skin damage is a hazardous risk resulting from continuous exposure to different pollutants, deleterious UV irradiations or simply resulting from the aging process which prompts various changes to the skin components and results in wrinkles, dryness, darkening, pigmentation, decreased dermal thickness and loss of elasticity (Hahn et al. 2016; Hatem et al. 2018a; Kim et al. 2019). A diversity of anti-aging, anti-damage and/or skin preservation protocols have been developed for protection and treatment of skin; among which is the use of cosmeceuticals and antioxidants (Hatem et al. 2018b, 2018c). Cosmeceuticals are currently gaining interest in the skin care market, owing to their reported beneficial dermatological effects in combating wrinkles and regaining skin elasticity, density and tone (Rivers 2008). However, despite that many clinical studies suggest the efficacy of such formulations in generalized skin protection, further studies are required to investigate their underlying mechanisms and confirm their effects (Asserin et al. 2015; Hahn et al. 2016). Moreover, different delivery systems lead to variable therapeutic outcomes (Bseiso et al. 2015; Amer et al. 2019), hence the choice of an appropriate delivery system for cosmeceuticals is of utmost importance.
Development of an emulgel for the treatment of rosacea using quality by design approach
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Annibal Torregrosa, Ana Teresa Ochoa-Andrade, María Emma Parente, Ana Vidarte, Giovanna Guarinoni, Eduardo Savio
Metronidazole 0.75% (gel, cream, and lotion; twice-daily application) or metronidazole 1% (gel and cream; once-daily application), are US FDA-approved formulations to treat inflammatory lesions of rosacea [3]. Niacinamide 4% (gel; twice-daily application) has reduced papules and pustules [9]. According to Lowe [10], the vehicle may be more important than a higher concentration of metronidazole, and the authors concluded that 0.75% of this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a gel dosage form may be optimal for skin penetration. This API has limited solubility, skin absorption is facilitated from a solution, and the delivery system may play a critical role in its cutaneous penetration [10]. However, according to some reports of dermatologists, in rare cases, rosacea patients have experienced skin irritation when treated with metronidazole gels instead of creams. As explained by Draelos [11], rosacea patients are known to form a subset of sensitive skin, making the selection of skincare products and cosmetics problematic, since ingredients that typically cause no difficulties in average patients can cause severe stinging and burning in them.