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Cardiac Implantable Device Infections
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Julian Anthony Rycroft, Simon Tiberi
Clinical infection can be divided into three presentations: Superficial infection: Stitch abscess or overlying erythema only, occurring within 30 days of insertion. May be confused with post-implantation inflammation seen in up to 30% of cases and is characterized by erythema but with an absence of exudate, fluctuance and dehiscence.Pocket infection: Marked by pain, erythema and swelling around the pocket. Erosion or purulent discharge may be present.Systemic infection: Pocket infection may not always be clinically apparent. As the infection tracks along the venous leads into the cardiac chambers, the patient will become febrile, and complications may occur resulting from haematogenous spread.
Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Rheumatoid Arthritis—World Experience and Future Trials
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
John A. Snowden, John J. Moore, Sarah J. Bingham, Steve Z. Pavletic, Richard K. Burt
Optimal management of RA involves an interaction of medical, surgical, psychological and physical approaches.4 In previous years, medical therapy consisted of a stepwise approach in which first-line non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were followed by corticosteroids, and disease modifying anti-rheumatic agents (DMARDs) were introduced at a relatively late stage. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that this approach is unsatisfactory, with many patients developing radiological evidence of erosion soon after contracting the disease.5 This has led to a change in management with a more aggressive approach and early use of multiple anti-rheumatic drugs including methotrexate soon after diagnosis.6 The most significant advance in recent years has been the development of blockers of TNF-α.7,8 These provide disease control in the majority of resistant patients with low toxicity. Undoubtedly, such targeted therapy is a major achievement, although there remain a significant proportion (25%) of treatment failures.9
Signs and symptoms of skin disease
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
An erosion is any breach of the epidermis. The term ulcer is used to denote a broad, deep erosion that persists. Erosions may be covered by serous exudates or crust; ulcers tend not to be covered.
The protective effect of NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor PDTC on mice with chronic atrophic gastritis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Jun-Yan Jiang, Dai-Jiang Liu, Mao-Xia Liu
Tissue sections were baked at 60 °C to melt the wax, immersed in xylene twice for 5 min each, dehydrated with gradient alcohol, and washed twice with tap water. Then the sections were immersed in Harris hematoxylin staining solution for 10 min, followed by being washed with tap water for 1 min, 1% alcohols with hydrochloric acid for 30 s, running water for 15 min, stained with 1% ethanol eosin for 3 min, and 90% alcohol for 30 s, washed with 95% alcohol for 1 min, xylene carbonate for 1 min, xylene for three times. Finally, it was sealed with neutral gum and observed under the microscope. The inflammation scored from 0–3 was defined as the level of inflammatory cell infiltration, 0: none, 1: under the lamina propria, 2: half of the mucosa, 3: until the epithelial glandular layer (all mucosa). The erosion was defined as the proportion of erosive lesions as none (0 score), epithelial gland loss (1 score), two to three parts of the mucosa (2 score), and all mucosa (3 score) [10]. The pathological score of HE = inflammation score + erosion score.
Tocilizumab can efficiently prevent bone destruction in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2021
The mean erosion score was less than one for the first 2 years (Table 1). The erosion score, joint space narrowing (JSN) score, and mTSS were not statistically different (p > 0.05) among the three time points. The change in mTSS (ΔmTSS) between baseline and 2 years was −0.33. This result fulfilled the criteria of structural remission, which is defined as ΔmTSS/year ≤0.5. The cumulative probability plots of changes in erosion score, JSN score, and mTSS from baseline to 1 year, from 1 to 2 years, and from baseline to 2 years are shown in Figure 2(a–c). The structural remission rates were 91.8% and 92.7% during the first and second years, respectively. The individual outcomes are shown in Table 2. Compared with the baseline, an increase in erosion score was observed in two patients (1 → 2 in no. 47 and 0 → 1 in no. 49) at 1 year. However, these erosions disappeared at 2 years in no. 47 and 5 years in no. 49.
Effect of fluoride varnish on glass ionomer microhardness changes in endogenous acid erosion challenge
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2021
Fatemeh Moharramkhani, Ladan Ranjbar Omrani, Mahdi Abbasi, Mohammad Javad Kharrazifard, Elham Ahmadi
In addition, use of fluoride-containing products has been suggested to inhibit, manage, and treat tooth demineralization that takes place in the process of dental erosion [1,2,9]. The availability and accessibility of minerals to reverse the process of demineralization is a concern for patients experiencing repeated erosive challenges, and materials that can be bonded to the tooth surface, such as sealants, varnishes and gels may be more effective for such patients [1,4]. Products, such as fluoride varnish with high fluoride content and long durability on the tooth surface (12 h) are often the first treatment option against tooth erosion/abrasion challenges due to the deposition of CaF2 in large amounts [1,4,16]. The effects of erosive challenges on restorative materials are different from their effects on the tooth structure [9]. Erosion can compromise the mechanical behavior of restorative materials, decrease their hardness, increase their roughness and decrease their longevity and clinical service [1,9]. Pretreatment of restoration surfaces with fluoride varnish has been suggested to enhance their resistance to erosion [1,17].