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Nutritional requirements
Published in Judy More, Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, 2021
Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel making it more resistant to attack by the acid produced by plaque bacteria. Frequent acid attack overtime causes in tooth decay. The two main sources of fluoride are toothpaste and tap water. Teeth should be cleaned twice a day using a fluoride-containing toothpaste:up to the age of 3 years – a smear of toothpaste containing 1000 ppm of fluoride;3–7 years – a pea-sized amount of toothpaste containing 1000 or 1350–1500 ppm of fluoride;from the age of 7 years – use toothpaste containing 1350–1500 ppm of fluoride.
Strip Crowns for Primary Incisors
Published in M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson, Restorative Techniques in Paediatric Dentistry, 2021
M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson
Where little enamel remains following removal of caries, bonding of composite resin to both dentine and enamel is important for retention of the final restoration. Two bonding systems that will bond to dentine micromechanically are presently available. These are either resin-based (such as Gluma 2000) or solvent-based (such as ABC). Either are suitable for the strip crown technique.
An Introduction to Bioactivity via Restorative Dental Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Mary Anne S. Melo, Ashley Reid, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
At physiological conditions, the oral fluids (saliva, biofilm fluid) have calcium (Ca) and phosphate PO4 in supersaturated concentrations to the mineral composition of the enamel. As a result, these ions are continually deposited onto the enamel surface or are redeposited in the enamel areas where the ions were lost. This ion-enrichment and ion-depletion effect can be considered a natural defense phenomenon promoted by saliva to preserve the mineral structure of enamel in the mouth (Naumova et al. 2019).
Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Complications and Prophylaxis Strategies
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Aleksandra Śledzińska, Paulina Śledzińska, Marek Bebyn, Oskar Komisarek
Diet is a vital feature of dental health. Maintaining hydration involves drinking water and sugar-free liquids regularly. We encourage patients to avoid drinking very acidic beverages, especially between meals, because a continuous decrease in intraoral pH may be harmful to dental enamel (176). The most acidic ones are energy drinks, regular and diet sodas, juices, and sports drinks (177). Maintaining a stable neutral pH in the oral cavity is essential since this serves to prevent tooth demineralization (178). Patients should avoid “sticky” processed foods (caramels, taffy, etc.) that are rich in sugar that is difficult to remove (130,179). If patients consume a sugary beverage, they should do it in one sitting (over several minutes) rather than sipping it throughout the day. Such an approach aims to prevent repeated exposure of the teeth to sugar and decrease dental pH with each exposure. Moreover, it is advised to use a straw and avoid atypical drinking behaviors such as sipping, swishing, or holding acidic beverages in the vestibule (180).
Interaction of rod decussation and crack growth in enamel
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Siyong Liu, Yuanzhi Xu, Bingbing An, Dongsheng Zhang
Enamel is a biological composite with ingenious hierarchical structure. At the nanoscale, enamel is composed of stiff mineral crystals embedded in soft protein matrix (Zhou and Hsiung 2006; Bar-On and Wagner 2012). The nanoscale mineral crystals are further assembled into enamel rods at the microscale, where non-uniform arrangement of mineral crystals is observed (Xie et al. 2009; An et al. 2012). The rods are wrapped by thin organic layers and exhibit unique arrangement in enamel (He and Swain 2008; Chai 2014). In the outer enamel that is close to occlusal plane, the rods are organized in a parallel manner whereas rod decussation, which is associated with the crossing of rod bundles, emerges in the inner enamel near the dentin–enamel junction (Cox 2013; Weng et al. 2016). Such rod decussation leads to formation of the parazone and diazone (Bajaj and Arola 2009a; Thompson 2020).
Effects of radiotherapeutic X-ray irradiation on cervical enamel
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Yeşim Deniz, Çağatay Aktaş, Tuğba Misilli, Burak Çarıkçıoğlu
It should be pointed out that this study was conducted on cervical enamel, the area where radiation caries exist is most common. The inner enamel samples were obtained from cervical enamel. Because of some reasons, rods constituted by hydroxyapatite crystals do not arrange continuously parallel to each other. The rods are perpendicular to the outer surface of the tooth, thus indicating oriented discontinuities (Fattibene and Callens 2010). Because crystals have exhibited a horizontal–diagonal orientation, we could not achieve the similar rods and interprismatic enamel images on every SEM examination. Additionally, previous reports indicated that the inner enamel has higher organic content compared to surface enamel, and it is more sensitive to irradiation (De Menezes Oliveira et al. 2010). In the real situation, inner enamel is covered by more mineralized surface enamel which protects the inner tissues from several harmful external attacks. But as a deficiency of this study, the inner enamel has been irradiated directly. As our consideration, if specimens were irradiated without sectioning as Madrid et al.s’ study, the evaluation of the inner enamel would be more accurate to the real dental condition (Madrid et al. 2017). But in that status, after the irradiation process, the samples would be more fragile and gaining sensitivity toward our slicing process. Because of that, we prepared sectioned samples before RT.