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Sodium Fluoride
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Sodium fluoride is an inorganic salt of fluoride used topically or in municipal water fluoridation systems to prevent dental caries. Fluoride appears to bind to calcium ions in the hydroxyapatite of surface tooth enamel, preventing corrosion of tooth enamel by acids. This agent may also inhibit acid production by commensal oral bacteria. When topical fluoride is applied to hypersensitive exposed dentin, the formation of insoluble materials within the dentinal tubules blocks transmission of painful stimuli (1).
Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Héctor Flores
Dentin is a mineralized tissue that forms the bulk of the crown and root of the tooth, giving the root its form; it surrounds coronal and radicular pulp, forming the walls of the pulp chamber and root canals; its composition is approximately 67% inorganic, 20% organic and 13% water (Glossary of Endodontic Terms 2016).
Oral and craniofacial disorders
Published in Angus Clarke, Alex Murray, Julian Sampson, Harper's Practical Genetic Counselling, 2019
The most common of the defects of dentine is dentinogenesis imperfecta. This may occur in isolation, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, or in the various forms of osteogenesis imperfecta. The teeth are opalescent with an amber or grey colour. The teeth may be subject to attrition and chipping, most probably due to fractures within the dentine. Dentinogenesis imperfecta occurring alone is determined by the DSPP gene on 4q. When associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, there may be more variation in the severity of involvement, with some teeth being clinically normal, although radiographically and histologically they may show abnormalities.
Adverse effects of orthodontic forces on dental pulp. Appearance and character. A systematic review
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Jukka Huokuna, Vuokko Loimaranta, Merja A. Laine, Anna-Liisa Svedström-Oristo
Hatrom et al. [28] reported a reduction in pulp volume after orthodontic treatment. Popp et al. [57] studied changes in pulp volume related to orthodontic treatment using periapical radiographs. During the 5-year study period, narrowing of the pulp was observed both in the experimental group and the control group, and was interpreted to be caused by the secondary dentine formation related to the natural ageing process. On the other hand, CBCT applied by Venkatesh et al. [58] indicated slight decrease in pulp volume after 17–18 months of the orthodontic force application. The decrease was interpreted to be caused by tertiary dentine deposition. While secondary dentine is formed continuously throughout life, tertiary dentine is formed in response to an external stimulus [59]. More studies are needed to find out whether orthodontic treatment truly causes narrowing of the pulp chamber through the formation of tertiary dentine, or whether the observed slight narrowing results from secondary dentine formation.
Cell homing strategy as a promising approach to the vitality of pulp-dentin complexes in endodontic therapy: focus on potential biomaterials
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia, Zahra Safari, Sayed Soroush Sadat Kachouei, Ramin Zabeti Jahromi, Nastaran Atashkar, Amirreza Karbalaeihasanesfahani, Mahdieh Alipour, Nastaran Hashemzadeh, Simin Sharifi, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
Dentin is an inactive mineralized connective tissue that remains unaltered if the permanent tooth is not injured. One alternative is the recently created biomaterial demineralized dentin matrix (DDM). It is composed of demineralized autogenous tooth dentin, which has been used as a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) vector and osteoinductive bone substrate to allow continuous release and promote osteogenic differentiation [99]. DDM applies as direct pulp capping to regenerate the damaged part of dentin in permanent teeth [100]. This phenomenon is attributed to dentin tissue’s BMP activity [101,102]. The dentin matrix is a source of non-collagenous proteins that are released during tissue demineralization, which induces a regenerative role for the dentin section. In the cell homing strategy for dentin reconstruction, the treatment of teeth damaged by detergents such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) [103,104], restorative such as mineral trioxide (MTA) [105], calcium hydroxide [106], dental adhesives [107], and natural or synthetic scaffolds are closely related to migratory cells and dentin tissue. These previously stated extrinsic stimuli such as BMPs, GFs, and tissue proteases [108–110] might generate angiogenic, metabolic, and chemotactic cytokines in teeth that stimulate restorative processes [109,111,112]. These molecules are effective in regenerating dentin tissue. In some studies, ultrasonic [113] or epigenetic modifiers (histone deacetylase inhibitors) [114] are used to improve better release bioactive groups.
The effect of different irrigation protocols on smear layer removal in root canals of primary teeth: a SEM study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Akif Demirel, Burcu Nihan Yüksel, Meryem Ziya, Hüsniye Gümüş, Salih Doğan, Şaziye Sari
EDTA and its combinations, which are used as one of the most important members of the chelating agents, solubilize especially the inorganic part of the smear layer by forming a chelate with the calcium within the dentin tissue, and the concentration of 17% is usually used in root canal treatments of permanent teeth [7,13,26]. EDTA concentrations used in primary teeth range from 10 to 17% [6,12,16,27–30]. In the primary teeth, organic contents and water content are higher than those of permanent teeth. Therefore, the tissue stiffness is reduced, the dentin tubule density is higher, and the primary tooth dentin is more reactive to chemical irrigants when compared to the permanent tooth. Consequently, the smear layer can be removed more easily than permanent teeth and so, it is preferred to use 10% EDTA. In addition, although EDTA is successful and biocompatible in removing the smear layer, its low antibacterial activity and insufficient organic tissue solubility make this agent necessary to be combined with NaOCl, which has both an antibacterial effect and a high ability to degrade organic tissue [6,7,13]. For this reason, in the present study 10% EDTA was combined with 1% NaOCl.