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Infection-driven periodontal disease
Published in Phillip D. Smith, Richard S. Blumberg, Thomas T. MacDonald, Principles of Mucosal Immunology, 2020
Thomas E. Van Dyke, Mike Curtis
Periodontitis is a complex of multiple diseases that share common clinical manifestations. Within the plaque-induced periodontitis category, there is a chronic, slowly progressing form of disease that usually affects adults, termed chronic periodontitis; a rapidly progressive form that usually has early onset and exhibits an unusual distribution of affected teeth termed aggressive periodontitis; and necrotizing disease with marginal destruction of soft tissues. These are considered distinct clinical entities, but it remains unclear whether they differ in etiology and pathogenesis.
Bacterial Infections of the Oral Cavity
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
P. S. Manoharan, Praveen Rajesh
A. actinomycetemcomitans was found to adhere the oral epithelium through a protein adhesion Aae, which binds to a carbohydrate receptors on buccal epithelial cells. It was also found that it migrates to gingival area and to the tooth surface. The bacterial fimbriae with extracellular carbohydrate polymer attaches on hard tooth surface. Sometimes coaggregation to other bacteria can be seen as a means of colonization. Among the six serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans a, b, c, d, e, and f and sero types a, b, and c are globally dominant (Brigido et al., 2014). Serotype b was found to be associated with localized aggressive periodontitis in American subjects (Zambon, 1985) and serotype a with chronic periodontitis. Sero type c was more commonly associated with periodontally healthy subjects. The isolation of such stereotypes is not similar in other countries (i.e., Korea, Finland, Japan, Taiwan, and Brazil) (Brigido et al., 2014). There is an association of this bacteria in localized aggressive periodontitis; progressive lesions are proved by many researchers in human and animal models. Increased leukotoxin and cytolethal distending toxin was also reported. Previous reports stated that a certain subset of species was not seen in samples of subgingival plaque and did not show enhanced antibody response (Loesche et al., 1992; Moore and Moore, 1994).
Major Orofacial Infection
Published in Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Shobita Rajagopalan, Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients, 2005
150 bacterial strains have been isolated from dental pulp infections (1). More than 300 bacterial species are found in the human subgingival plaque samples, but less than 20 of these species play a role in the pathogenesis of destructive periodontal diseases (12,13). Most pathogens seen in periodontal infections are gram-negative anaerobic bacilli, but gram-positive facultative and anaerobic cocci, gram-positive anaerobic bacilli, and other gram-negative facultative bacilli are also isolated. The most common pathogens associated with aggressive periodontitis include Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, spirochetes of acute necrotizing gingivitis, and Porphyromonasgingivalis (14,15).
Human leukocyte antigen-G polymorphisms in periodontitis
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Letícia Grando Mattuella, Lisiane Bernardi, Francis Maria Báo Zambra, Milene Borges Campagnaro, Rui Vicente Oppermann, Léder Leal Xavier, José Artur Bogo Chies, Letícia Algarves Miranda
Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease in which the tooth supporting collagen fibres of the periodontal ligament and bone are mainly broken down due to the development of an exacerbated immune-inflammatory response to the dental biofilm [1]. According to the American Academy of Periodontology [2], chronic periodontitis (CP) is classified as a slow progression disease related to an accumulation of bacteria biofilm. Aggressive periodontitis (AP) is characterized by a rapid periodontal destruction, generally occurring in young patients, and usually the severity of the disease is not compatible with the amount of biofilm [3]. The inter-individual differences in the outcome and course of periodontitis are not explained only by microbial factors. It is known that only a limited group of individuals develop AP whilst others have no or only slow disease progression [4].
Porphyromonas gingivalis in saliva associates with chronic and aggressive periodontitis
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Christian Damgaard, Anne Katrine Danielsen, Christian Enevold, Laura Massarenti, Claus Henrik Nielsen, Palle Holmstrup, Daniel Belstrøm
Aggressive periodontitis patients: 19–40 years of age.Interproximal attachment loss at minimum 3 teeth that were neither first molars nor incisors.Clinical attachment loss at minimum 10 sites, also characterized by bleeding and appearance of pus upon probing.Radiographic bone loss.
Shared detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in cohabiting family members: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Maha Bennani, Hélène Rangé, Vincent Meuric, Francis Mora, Philippe Bouchard, Maria Clotilde Carra
Regarding the clinical periodontal status of the proband, the classical periodontal parameters, i.e. periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival inflammation, and bleeding were recorded in some studies. In few of them, radiographic parameters were also considered. Classification of periodontitis according to the AAP Classification 1999 defining chronic or aggressive periodontitis was used in three studies [9–12]; adult periodontitis was described in four studies, whereas advanced periodontitis in three. Several studies did not provide a clear definition of the periodontal disease used.