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Care of the Hospitalized Child
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Anushree Algotar, Anna Tuttle, Mark R. Corkins
There are basically three problems that lead to undernutrition in children: inadequate intake, significant losses, and increased nutrition needs. Intake is altered by factors such as dysphagia or neurologic disorders. Losses can occur through vomiting or malabsorption (manifested by diarrhea). Increased needs are due to oncologic, metabolic, or inflammatory conditions. Many childhood diseases are complicated by inflammation, which utilizes a high level of energy and quickly leads to malnutrition.
Addressing Maternal and Child Undernutrition in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries
Published in Bill Pritchard, Rodomiro Ortiz, Meera Shekar, Routledge Handbook of Food and Nutrition Security, 2016
Victor M. Aguayo, Kajali Paintal
There is a range of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions that have the potential to reduce undernutrition in children and women. In the last decade, efforts to scale up nutrition programs have given encouraging results and a number of countries have been able to significantly reduce undernutrition in children and women (IFPRI 2014).
Does stunting still matter in high-income countries?
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
Joseph Freer, Joanna Orr, Robert Walton, Helen L. Storr, Leo Dunkel, Andrew J. Prendergast
Qualitative data published in the UK in 2017 suggested that undernutrition among children in the UK is an increasing problem, and that existing methods for detecting children with growth problems are inadequate (The Patients Association 2017). These findings, alongside evidence from east London, UK, of a higher than expected prevalence of short stature (Walton et al. unpublished data), led to an analysis of data from the National Child Measurement Programme in England, wherein children attending state-maintained schools have height and weight measurements taken at school entry (Orr et al. 2021). Data from 7 million children aged 4–5 years between 2006 and 2019 showed an overall prevalence of height-for-age Z-score < ‒2 SDS of 1.93% – which is broadly as expected, given the normal distribution of heights in a population. However, stunting was geographically clustered and was highly associated with area-level deprivation (Orr et al. 2021). The regional prevalence ranged from 0.97% to 3.92%, a 4-fold difference that translates into around 3,000 additional children with short stature per 100,000 children at school entry (Figure 1).
Association of plasma low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) with undernutrition: a case-control study in Bangladeshi adults
Published in Biomarkers, 2021
Md. Mehedi Hasan, Shah Mohammad Fahim, Subhasish Das, Md. Amran Gazi, Mustafa Mahfuz, Tahmeed Ahmed
Malnutrition is a public health concern all over the world, particularly in developing countries (Müller et al.2005). It is an imbalanced nutritional condition that includes both under- and over-nutrition. The adults having body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 are referred to be undernourished, while over-nutrition includes overweight and obesity (Bharati et al.2019, WHO 2021). It has been estimated that undernutrition is on the rise and reached 821 million people in 2017 around the world, whereas in Southern Asia the prevalence of undernutrition is 14.8% (Organization 2018). In Bangladesh, the scenario is even worse; nearly 30% of the adult population including both female and male were undernourished in 2011 (Biswas et al.2017). This figure got reduced to 16% for adult women in 2015 (Organization 2016). Undernutrition affects adulthood by reducing performance capacity and low productivity of work as well as leading to complicated pregnancy outcome and poor health conditions (Nube et al.2003, Benson et al.2006, Biswas et al.2017). Several factors such as inadequate dietary intake, swallowing issues, eating/chewing problem, dysphagia, depressive symptoms and older age are associated with weight loss and low BMI and can cause undernutrition among adults (Tamura et al.2013). Overall, environmental, genetic and epigenetic changes may cause undernutrition in children (Ahmed et al.2009, Schmidt 2014, Uchiyama et al.2018), but there is a paucity of evidence to support a causal relation of these factors with undernutrition in adults.
Nutritional status of children aged 0–60 months in two drought-prone areas of Ethiopia
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2020
Shimelis Beyene, Mary S Willis, Martha Mamo, Belaineh Legesse, Teshome Regassa, Tsegaye Tadesse, Yitbarek Wolde-Hawariat, Nur Firyal Roslan
Undernutrition among children results from the interactions of multi-level factors, including inadequate dietary intake, repeated and chronic infections, and compromised prenatal conditions.1 Stunting (low height-for-age), the result of chronic undernutrition, is often associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, poor cognitive and physical development, lower economic productivity and adverse maternal reproductive outcomes in adulthood.1–3 Growth failure due to undernutrition during early childhood, especially in the first 1 000 days, can cause lasting damage, which may pass to the next generation.5,6 Because childhood undernutrition can have significant individual, community and national-level impacts, it is considered one of the most important public health problems in developing countries such as Ethiopia. 1,3