China
Africa
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Nutrition and oral health
Published in Jackie Musgrave, Health and Wellbeing for Babies and Children, 2022
The contemporary picture of babies and children's nutrition is a complex one. We are probably familiar with media images of babies and children from low-income countries crying because they are hungry. But it may be surprising to some people that children who live-in high-income countries can be hungry and poorly nourished, but this is the reality of the many countries like the 4 nations of the UK in the 21st century. And the impact on the global economy following the pandemic is predicted to be a cause of increasing levels of childhood poverty which will lead to compromises being made in the way that children's nutritional needs are met. Childhood obesity is a critical contemporary health issue, with one in five children who start school at the age of five deemed to be overweight or obese. It is estimated that almost half of adolescent girls are deficient in iron, which can lead to anaemia.
Physical Activity and Youth
Published in James M. Rippe, Increasing Physical Activity, 2020
Criteria for childhood obesity are as follows: Overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile through the 94th percentile for age and sex)Obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex)Severely obese (BMI > 120 percentile of 95th percentile or ≥ 35 kg/m2).
Eating disorders
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
The number of fat cells determines levels of obesity. Childhood obesity predisposes to continuing obesity throughout life. This is partly explained by attitudes and behaviour regarding diet and exercise, which are conditioned in childhood, as well as any genetic predisposition. However, when obesity occurs during this developmental stage it seems there is an increase in the number of fat cells, which sets the pattern for future obesity (Shaw, et al., 2005).
Examining the Association Between Parental Factors and Childhood Obesity
Published in Journal of Community Health Nursing, 2023
Kashica J. Webber-Ritchey, Desale Habtezgi, Xiaoxia Wu, Anya Samek
Establishing healthy lifestyle behaviors such as regular PA, healthy diet, and limiting screen time serve as promising and well-documented approaches to childhood obesity prevention (Brown & Perrin, 2018; Dabas & Seth, 2018; Pandita et al., 2016). Godoy-Cumillaf et al. (2020) metanalysis found that a PA and diet intervention reduces BMI among youth. For this reason, it is ideal that healthy lifestyle behaviors such as consuming a healthy diet, engaging in regular PA, and restricting high sedentary behaviors begin during critical periods of development to reduce obesity prevalence (An, 2017; Campbell, 2016; Patrick et al., 2013; Vaccaro et al., 2019). Although PA and diet interventions exist for youth, sustainment of healthy PA and dietary behaviors beyond the intervention serves as an obstacle (Sims et al., 2015).
Obstacles Preventing Public Health Nurses from Discussing Children’s Overweight and Obesity with Parents
Published in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2022
Yael Sela, Keren Grinberg, Dan Nemet
Childhood obesity is a major health concern throughout the world. The roots of childhood obesity are embedded in early childhood health behaviors, where proper diet and physical activity play a major role. Nurses are the health professionals that are often the closest with, and trusted by, parents during this period, and their role in young child health promotion is imperative. Yet, clearly, as the prevalence of childhood obesity increases, there are barriers that preclude nurses from discussing issues related to healthy weight with parents. Our study addresses some of those barriers as perceived by experienced well baby care nurses. Understanding and presenting the barriers is an important step in implemented evidenced based interventions shape efforts to prevent and treat childhood obesity. Nurses can, and should, be of significant help in this effort.
Ethnic variability associating gut and oral microbiome with obesity in children
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Baskar Balakrishnan, Vaithinathan Selvaraju, Jun Chen, Priscilla Ayine, Lu Yang, Jeganathan Ramesh Babu, Thangiah Geetha, Veena Taneja
Childhood obesity is a growing worldwide health problem that disproportionately affects ethnic minorities.1 In the United States, nearly 13.7 million children and adolescents are obese.2 Childhood obesity can lead to several health problems, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).3,4 The incidence of childhood obesity in African Americans (AAs) (22%) is higher than that of European Americans (EAs) (14.1%). Although the exact cause of this difference is not well established, physical and dietary habits could contribute to changes in the microbial composition and lead to obesity. Additionally, obesity has high heritability, suggesting that genetic factors, in addition to environmental factors, may be involved.5 We ascertained various factors that can impact obesity to define disparate rates in AA compared to EA populations in the United States.