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Spices as Eco-friendly Microbicides: From Kitchen to Clinic
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Spice oils are volatile substances which are mostly terpenic in nature and are obtained by steam or hydrodistillation methods. The oil is made up of hydrocarbons like terpenes, sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives. Oleoresins are obtained by extraction of the powdered spices using organic solvent like alcohol, acetone, hexane, methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride and ethyl acetate and contain essential oils fraction, bite principles, color and resinous matter. Spice oils only give the aroma of the spice, whereas spice oleoresins represent the total flavor of the spice.
Phyto constituent-Centered Byproducts and Nanomedicines as Leishmanicidal Scavengers
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Sabya Sachi Das, P. R. P. Verma, Sandeep Kumar Singh
Tiuman et al. (2005) investigated the in vitro ALA of PTN, extracted from several parts of plant Tanacetum parthenium, against L. amazonensisparasite. Results showed the high potency of these compounds as leishmanicidal agents (IC50 0.37 μg/mL). Karioti et al. (2009) evaluated the in vitro antiprotozoal as well as leishmanicidal activity three irregulars, linear sesquiterpene and reported that all compounds exhibited potent trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. Moura do Carmo et al. (2012) examined the fabrication of EO found from leaves of Piper demeraranum and Piper duckeiby GC-MS. The main constituents found in P. demeraranum oil and P. duckei oil showed high potential of ALA (IC50 15-76 μg mL-1) against strains of L. amazonensis.Rottini et al. (2015) estimated the inhibitory effect of (—) α-bisabolol, in contradiction of the promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes phases of L. amazonensis, and their IC50 with effective concentration of 8.07 μg/mL (24 h) and 4.26 μg/mL (48 h) was recorded. Rodrigues et al. (2018) estimated the ALA of Copaifera spp. Oleoresins against L. amazonensis and L. infantum strains. Further, results showed that these novel compounds exhibited ALA against L. amazonensis (IC50= 62.5 μg/mL) and alongside L. infantum (IC50 = 65.9 μg/mL).
Conservation – A Strategy to Overcome Shortages of Ayurveda Herbs
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
S. Noorunnisa Begum, K. Ravikumar
Commiphora wightii is one of the high-value medicinal plants and an important endangered medicinal plant of dry regions of India. The oleoresin of this plant is extensively used in the Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems of medicine. It is widely used to control cholesterol and obesity. Unscientific tapping methods, in order to increase yield of oleo-gum resin to meet the increasing market demand have caused mortality of plants, leading to the near-extinction of this species.
Lippia graveolens HBK oleoresins, extracted by supercritical fluids, showed bactericidal activity against multidrug resistance Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus strains
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Oscar de Jesús Calva-Cruz, Nallely S. Badillo-Larios, Antonio De León-Rodríguez, Eduardo Espitia-Rangel, Raúl González-García, Edgar Alejandro Turrubiartes-Martinez, Arnulfo Castro-Gallardo, Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa
Oleoresin extraction yield was determined at different extraction conditions, data showed that higher temperatures and higher pressure increased the yield. Therefore, the selected conditions for L. graveolens oleoresins were 45 °C, 35 MPa, and 5 h of extraction, which gives a 4.1% yield (Table 1). Soto-Armenta et al. [42] tested different extractions conditions for L. graveolens oleoresins, with the maximum yield reported was 2.7% at 35 MPa, 60 °C under a dynamic extraction with a flow rate of 4.8 g CO2/min. In this work, extractions were carried out at a constant CO2 mass flow of 30 g/min obtaining almost double of yield. SFE has been used for oleoresin extraction from O. vulgare reporting yields of 4.8% at 39.85 °C and 30 MPa with 1.5 h of extraction [46]. On the contrary, Alves-Rodrigues et al. [47] obtained only 1.32% at 313 °K (39.85 °C) and 20 MPa. Garcia-Pérez et al. [27] reported yields as higher as 13.4%, but with the use of ethanol as co-solvent, however, this also will increase the extraction costs.
In Vivo Bioavailability of Lycopene from Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) Coloring
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Davinder Pal Singh Oberoi, Tajendra Pal Singh, Dalbir Singh Sogi
Fruits were thoroughly washed and cut into quarters by stainless steel knife manually. The peels and seeds were removed and the juice was extracted in the juicer (Kalsi Industries, Ludhiana, India). The juice was passed through 40 μm sieve and centrifuged at 14000 × g for 15 min in a centrifuge (REMI, Mumbai, India). Pulp was used for extraction with ethyl acetate 30:1 solvent/meal ratio (v/w) using shaker incubator (REMI, Mumbai, India) at 50 °C for 20 min. The extraction was repeated four times, all extracts were combined and it was evaporated by using rotary vacuum evaporator (Buchi Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) using water bath temperature of 45 ± 2 °C, vacuum of 25 ± 2 mbar and speed of 20 revolutions per minute to obtain oleoresin. The solvent was completely removed from the oleoresin by vacuum evaporation and stripping with inert gas. Watermelon coloring was obtained by dispersing the oleoresin containing 902.32 mg lycopene per ml in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to obtain concentration of 5, 20, 35 and 50 mg lycopene/100g coloring.
Enhancement of loading and oral bioavailability of curcumin loaded self-microemulsifying lipid carriers using Curcuma oleoresins
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Umesh Kannamangalam Vijayan, Sadineni Varakumar, Sushant Sole, Rekha S. Singhal
Fresh rhizomes of spices rich in bioactives contains high moisture content which makes it prone to microbial contamination [25]. Oils and oleoresins extracted from the spices retain the characteristic spice bioactives, flavor, and pungency and can be used as alternative to the whole spice. In the present study, spice oleoresins were evaluated along with other oils as carrier for curcumin and to improve its bioavailability using SMEDDS. The SMEDDS formulation was screened based on thermodynamic stability and curcumin content. The SMEDDS were characterized for droplet size, morphology, and release profile. Subsequently, these SMEDDS were evaluated for pharmacokinetics in male Wistar rats. The stability profile of the SMEDDS was subsequently performed for a period of three months. To the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first study on the use of spice oleoresins as modified oil phase for SMEDDS preparation and its synergistic action for improving oral bioavailability of curcumin.