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Africa 
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Prostatic Hypertrophy/Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Saw palmetto inhibits the production of testosterone and reduces the size of the inner lining of the prostate. A clinical controlled study suggested that saw palmetto berries are more effective than Proscara for BPH symptoms. As many as 89% of men taking saw palmetto berries extract improved after one month of treatment.3 Unlike Proscar, saw palmetto berries do not cause impotence; on the contrary, this herbal remedy has some reputation for being an aphrodisiac. The dosage used in most studies was 360 mg/day of a standardized extract. Saw palmetto is approved in Germany and France for the treatment of BPH.
Postmenopause
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Although scientific evidence is lacking to support the use of black cohosh for menopausal symptoms, naturopaths have used black cohosh in combination with other herbs for years with clinical success in decreasing hot flashes. The dose generally recommended is 40–80 mg twice a day of a standardized extract. This is a situation when you will need to decide if you want to reach outside the conventional healthcare system to consult with a naturopath about botanical medicine as an adjunct to your care.
The Role of Botanicals in Cardiovascular Health
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
The most common dose used in clinical trials was 300 mg twice daily of horse chestnut seed extract standardized to provide a daily dose of 100 mg of aescin. The standardized extracts are quite safe; however, the raw seeds, bark, flowers, and leaves of horse chestnut are unsafe due to the presence of esculin, a toxic compound removed when preparing the extract. The safety of the extract during pregnancy and lactation has not been established and is not recommended. Topical preparations containing 2% aescin are also used to relieve CVI, as well as sprains and bruising.
Phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activity of Diodia scandens; a review of current scientific literature
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Abubakar Sadiq Wada, Sa’adatu Muhammad Julde, Safiya Bala Borodo, Mubarak Hussaini Ahmad, Sani Malami, Abdullahi Hamza Yaro
Acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Mist Dioda; (a poly-herbal preparation for the management of hypertension in Ghana) on adult Sprague–Dawley rats was carried out according to OECD guidelines with some modifications. The test animals were observed for mortality and physical signs of toxicity including lack of alertness, presence of staggering gait and pilo-erection on a daily basis for 14 days. The median lethal dose was found to be above 5000 mg/kg [26]. The extract also at doses of 40, 400 and 800 mg/kg administered daily over a period of 6 months with periodic observation according to OECD guidelines showed no physical signs of toxicity or mortality. There was no effect on hematological parameters such as Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total and direct bilirubin, serum concentrations of creatinine and urea. There was also no effect on the hemopoietic system morphology of the lungs, kidney, liver and heart [26].
Conversation turns and speaking roles contributed by Mandarin Chinese dyadic conversations between adults who use speech-generating devices and adults who use natural speech
Published in Assistive Technology, 2022
Extracts are provided as examples. In each extract, adult (A) and adult (B) are adults who use natural speech, and adult (C) is an adult who uses a SGD. Extract 1 provides an illustration of these three roles. In line 1, adult (A) simultaneously acts as the animator, author, and principal to produce messages. In line 2, adult (B) animates A’s messages and then authors A’s intended meanings while A’s role of principal of the messages that is animated and authored is retained. Adult (B) acts as the animator, author, and principal in line 3. In line 4, adult (A) acts as the animator, author, and principal by adding new information to the messages produced in line 1, while, in line 5, adult (B) again acts as animator and author while restating A’s role as the principal for A’s messages produced in line 1 and line 4.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. fresh leaf juice in the cultured human blood lymphocytes
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Worldwide, consumers have a positive intention towards the herbal products and believe them to be of ‘natural’ rather than ‘synthetic’ origin, and also assume that such products are more likely to be safer than synthetic drugs. They consider them to be a part of healthy life style and started avoiding contact with the conventional ‘western’ medicine (Srivastava 2018).Most of herbal medicines are used without any standard safety and toxicological trials although common assumption is that these products are nontoxic. However, this assumption is incorrect and dangerous, so toxicological studies should be done for herbal drugs (Kahaliw et al.2018). Kalanchoe pinnatahas been used for the treatment of a variety of conditions in tropical America, India, China, Australia and Africa, and has proven to have many medicinal properties and according to a study by Medhi and Dutta (2017) it plays a role of amelioration. The dosage of the plant extracts should be validated to avoid adverse reactions while using traditionally. The in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity studies of the fresh leaf juice of this plant on human PBLC has been conducted for the first time and has not been previously reported.