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Constipation
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Osmotic Agents: Osmotic laxatives help fluids move through the colon. Examples include prescription strength polyethylene glycol (Golytely, Nulytely)8 or over-the-counter products such as lactulose (Kristalose, 10–20 gm/day) and polyethylene glycol (Miralax). Magnesium oxide is a useful supplement in treating constipation.9 Typically, to relieve constipation, doses range from 1,000–2,000 mg/day. Magnesium citrate (citrate of magnesia, Citroma, 240 ml orally one time) is effective and has a number of health benefits, including improved calcium absorption, increased gastrointestinal motility, stool softening, and others.9 Magnesium hydroxide (2.4–4.8 gm) in the form of milk of magnesia can also be effective.10 Magnesium sulfate (10–30 gm) in the form of salts should only be used for occasional treatment of constipation, and doses should be taken with a full 8 oz. glass of water.10,11
Using Medication Wisely
Published in Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck, Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck
Osmotic Laxatives pull extra water into the gut by a process called osmosis. They also make the stool softer and more watery. Two common types are milk of magnesia (which is basically magnesium) and polyethylene glycol (the ingredient in Miralax). If you take too much you can end up with watery, urgent diarrhea. (Miralax is usually a big part of the prep for colonoscopies.) But for people with chronic constipation, these can be quite effective.
The nineteenth century
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Sickness and vomiting of the early months For the hyperemesis of early pregnancy Bard advised ‘a simple and light diet to correct acidity, to keep the bowels open by Magnesia, and to strengthen the stomach by a cup of cold Chamomile Tea or a light infusion of Gentian or Columbo’.
Oral formulation of Prussian blue with improved efficacy for prophylactic use against thallium
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Nidhi Sandal, Vivek Kumar, Pooja Sharma, Mahendra Yadav
It was previously reported that the adsorption capacity of PB increases at higher pH [1,18]. Therefore pH modifying agents such as sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, milk of magnesia, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium trisilicate have been taken for preliminary screening in the present study. PB (10 mg) was placed in a 15 ml test tube containing 10 ml of simulated gastric fluid and the pH modifier was added starting with the lowest concentration and increasing gradually to obtain a pH of 4–6. The concentration that helped to achieve this pH was chosen for the final formulation. The four pH-modifying agents sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium hydroxide showed the desired pH at 50, 35, 40, and 10 mg, respectively (Table 1). Other agents i.e. aluminum hydroxide, milk of magnesia, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium trisilicate were not included in further studies as these agents are required in higher amounts to achieve the desired pH range.
Combination of a hot-melt subcoating and an enteric coating for moisture protection of hygroscopic Sennae fructus tablets
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019
Kira-Isabel Zier, Wulf Schultze, Claudia S. Leopold
Aqueous spray-dried Sennae fructus extracts were obtained from roha arzneimittel (Bremen, Germany). The subcoating materials were medium chain triglyceride (MCT), purchased from Henry Lamotte Oils (Bremen, Germany), stearic acid (StA; Palmac 98-18) from Berg + Schmidt (Hamburg, Germany), Precirol® ATO 5 (Pr), and Compritol® 888 ATO (Cp) both from Gattefossé (Bad Krozingen, Germany). The outer enteric coating Eudragit® L 30D-55 (EuL55) was received from Evonik (Darmstadt, Germany) and talcum from CSC Jäklechemie (Hamburg, Germany). Triethyl citrate, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, Combi Titrant 5, Combi Methanol for volumetric Karl-Fischer titration, and potassium carbonate were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Magnesium stearate was bought from Magnesia (Lüneburg, Germany). Fumed silica and microcrystalline cellulose were obtained from NRC (Hamburg, Germany). Sudan red 7B was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Methanol was bought from Honeywell (Erkrath, Germany), acetonitrile for HPLC from VWR International (Hannover, Germany), and anhydrous formic acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Sennoside B was obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany).
An overview of the efficacy and safety of prucalopride for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Marzieh Daniali, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Mohammad Abdollahi
The general approach to treat constipation totally depends on the reason of constipation and initially is limited to lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes (fiber: 20 to 35 g/day) and daily exercise. Additionally, in the second step different types of laxatives such as bulk-forming (psyllium and methylcellulose), osmotic laxatives (PEG and lactulose) or saline laxatives (milk of magnesia) are recommended [53–55]. A randomized clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy of bulk-forming laxatives like psyllium and prunes (dried plums), and evaluated that both laxatives are well tolerated but prunes are more efficient [56]. The next pharmacotherapy line concludes guanylate cyclase-C (GCC) agonists like linaclotide or plecanatide (mechanism: stimulation of intestinal secretion fluid [55] and amelioration of abdominal discomfort [53]) or prokinetics such as prucalopride [9,57].