China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Levisticum officinale Koch is an erect, tall perennial herbaceous plant, growing to 1.5 m or higher. It is native to Afghanistan and Iran. Lovage has escaped from cultivation and is sometimes naturalized in much of Europe, except the extreme north and south, and in eastern North America. The plant, all parts of which are strongly aromatic and have a characteristic celery-like flavor and smell, is cultivated in Europe and China as a spice and medicinal plant, mainly for its leaves and roots.
Natural Variability of Essential Oil Components
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
In Apiaceae species, a relatively low biological variability in essential oil composition is usual. Another example may be lovage (Levisticum officinale), whose aromatic volatile (essential oil) and non-volatile (mainly coumarin-type) compounds justify the application of each part of the plant as a popular spice. However, the most valuable organ is the root. The main components of the root essential oil are alkyl-phthalide type compounds, among which the most abundant ones are usually Z-ligustilide and butylidene-phthalide (Szebeni et al., 1992; Venskutonis, 1995; Novák, 2006). Only in exceptional cases have other compounds been detected as major ones, like 49% phellandrene (Scottish accession) or 26% terpinyl acetate (Dutch accession) in the investigations of Raal et al. (2008). Our own investigations on ten accessions of lovage originating from different European countries ascertained that the compositional variability is low (unpublished). The phthalides are the main components of the distilled oil practically in each accession (Figure 4.2). The presence of two isomers, E and Z, makes the pictures somewhat more diverse; however, their ratios are not significantly different in either of the accessions. In each case, the Z isomer is in multiple concentrations present more than the other one.
Antibiotic resistance and bacterial biofilm
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2020
Rossella Grande, Valentina Puca, Raffaella Muraro
Finally, to eradicate biofilms and limit the spread of antibiotic resistance, the study of compounds or molecules of natural origin is increasingly widespread. Alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, steroids, coumarins, and flavonoids [36], which do not normally cause resistance [37] as well as Essential Oils (EO) from parsley, lovage, basil, thyme, and hemp, have been studied for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities [37,38,39,40]. The latter cause an increase in cell permeability, alterations in the bacterial cell wall and membrane, ATP loss, inhibition of protein synthesis, pH alterations, DNA damage, and inhibition of the QS in several bacterial species such as Bacillus cereus, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium [40].
Medicinal plants consumption against urinary tract infections: a narrative review of the current evidence
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Efthymios Poulios, Georgios K. Vasios, Evmorfia Psara, Constantinos Giaginis
Finally, Nausch and coworkers studied the herbal medicinal formulation Canephron® N containing BNO 2103, a distinct concoction of pulverized rosemary leaves, centaury herb, and lovage root, which has been applied for UTIs treatment for more than 25 years, in order to evaluate the assumption whether BNO 2103 it could decrease pain in cystitis and prostatitis by virtue of anti-inflammatory activities, and to show possible mechanisms governing the anti-inflammatory properties. The formulation was assessed for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in three animal models in vivo, and the type of action governing anti-inflammatory properties was determined in human leukocytes and cell-free analyses, in vitro. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic formula efficiency, cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and carrageenan-induced prostatitis were performed in rats, and zymosan-induced peritonitis in mice. Human neutrophils and monocytes, as well as isolated human 5-lipoxygenase and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1-containing microsomes were applied for evaluating leukotriene and/or prostaglandin E2 production suppression through HPLC and ELISA. When administrated per os, the herbal formula decreased inflammation and hyperalgesia in experimental cystitis in rats, whereas specific constituents also resulted in hyperalgesia reduction. Moreover, it decreased hyperalgesia in rats with carrageenan-induced prostatitis. Cell-based and cell-free assays implicated suppression of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 biosynthesis as possible mechanisms, governing the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties [71].
The effect of quercetin on absence epilepsy in WAG/Rij rats
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Nildem Kızılaslan, Duygu Aydın, Orhan Sumbul, Reyhan Koroglu, Hatice Aygun
There has been an increasing interest recently in studies investigating the neuroprotective effect of flavonoids. Quercetin is a natural antioxidant flavonoid. It exists in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables such as lovage, berries, cilantro, capers, dill, onions, apples and seeds [9]. Quercetin is one of the most important flavanols with neuroprotective effects against epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, Huntington’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease [10–15]. Previous experimental studies demonstrated that quercetin possesses anti-seizure effects by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory response [14,16].