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Fasting
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
It is one of the diet patterns in which the feeding and fasting period cyclically takes place; intermittent fasting may consist of time-restricted or alternate-day fasting. Islamic fasting is similar to alternate-day fasting because the feeding and fasting periods in Islamic fasting vary between 12 to 18 hours typically on average based on geographical location and season of the year. Time-restricted fasting is a kind of intermittent fasting, in which the person consumes calories for the entire day within just about eight hours while fasting for the remaining hours (Pakkir Maideen et al., 2017).
Overweight/Obesity
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Diets: It is important to adhere to a low-carbohydrate reduced-calorie diet (e.g., 1,200-1,500 kcal/day for women and 1,500-1,800 kcal/day for men). The diet should have fewer sodas and sugary drinks (i.e., liquid candy)6 and also be high in fiber and whole grains.5 Also, different types of intermittent fasting reduce body weight and reduce diabetes parameters such as fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index, and HbAlc.7
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Dietary Interventions to Decrease Endotoxemia Include: Increase whole plant food.Increase low-mercury fish consumption.Avoid sugar and processed foods.Incorporate intermittent fasting.Increase dietary fiber and prebiotic consumption (especially foods high in oligofructose, inulin, and galactooligosaccharide).Soluble fibers are digested by enzymes into SCFAs.SCFAs constitute approximately 5%–10% of the energy source in healthy people.Fiber-enriched diets improve insulin sensitivity58 in lean and obese diabetic subjects.
Impact of Ramadan fasting on disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicenter study
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Amr Hassan, Nahla Merghany, Fatima Ouchkat, Wafa Regragui, Hanaa Kedah, Sherif M. Hamdy, Maged Abdel-Naseer, Hatem S. Shehata, Nevin M. Shalaby, Nirmeen A. Kishk, Mona A. F. Nada, Mohamed I. Hegazy, Marwa Farghaly, Sandra M. Ahmed, Mona Hussein
Islamic fasting is reported to have several metabolic and immunomodulatory benefits [5,6]. Therefore, it started to gain popularity in medicine as a non-pharmacological option in the management of some diseases [7]. Nevertheless, it is crucial to emphasize that patients with chronic health problems should consult their physicians, before initiating fasting to avoid any detrimental effects of fasting on their health [8]. Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary pattern, through which periods of fasting and feasting occur in a cycle [9]. IF includes either time-restricted feeding (TRF) or alternate-day fasting (ADF). TRF consists of 8 h of calorie intake, while spending the remaining hours fasting [10]. ADF consists of 24 h of fasting and 24 h of feasting [11]. From the physiological perspective, Islamic fasting is similar to both TRF and ADF. Strong evidence suggested that Ramadan fasting and intermittent fasting share the same physiological changes associated with caloric restrictions for extended hours [12]. Ramadan fasting (like IF) was found to exert immune attenuation through the significant decrease of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α), the pro-inflammatory chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL10), and the constitutive chemokine (CXCL12), in addition to the enhanced macrophage activity and improved neutrophil phagocytic activity [13,14].
Spatial analysis of gut microbiome reveals a distinct ecological niche associated with the mucus layer
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Kellyanne Duncan, Kelly Carey-Ewend, Shipra Vaishnava
Mice were subjected to 16:8 IF (16 hours fasting, 8 hours feeding) every day for 30 days (Figure 7a). Mice are nocturnal and do the majority of their feeding at night, so the 8 hours of feeding was scheduled during the dark cycle.36 As a control, cage-mates were maintained in a separate cage with constant access to food for ad libitum feeding. Bedding was switched daily between the two cages to minimize drift in microbiome composition. The amount of food eaten was measured daily for each group, and we found there was no difference in the amount of food eaten between the IF and AL mice (Figure 7b). Mice were weighed daily after IF mice finished feeding and we found no significant difference between the body weights of the IF and AL mice (Figure 7c). There is a trend for IF mice to have increased body weights, however this may be an artifact of the increased food consumption of IF mice during their feeding period since the IF mice eat the same amount as the AL mice but restricted to the 8-hour feeding period. Intermittent fasting is known to increase insulin sensitivity and therefore reduces blood glucose levels.37 To determine whether 4-weeks was a sufficient amount of time to see this metabolic phenotype, we performed a glucose tolerance test on both groups of mice to examine their ability to absorb glucose. We found at peak levels of glucose in the blood (30 minutes), AL mice had significantly higher blood glucose levels than the IF mice (Figure 7d), suggesting the 4 weeks of IF was sufficient for inducing glucose sensitivity.
Effects of circadian restricted feeding on parameters of metabolic syndrome among healthy subjects
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
R. B. Singh, Germaine Cornelissen, Viliam Mojto, Ghizal Fatima, Sanit Wichansawakun, Mukta Singh, Kumar Kartikey, J. P. Sharma, V. I. Torshin, Sergey Chibisov, Elena Kharlitskaya, O. A. Al-bawareed
Resting metabolic rate is reduced, and exercise efficiency and appetite are increased when weight loss is achieved with continuous energy restriction, which tries to restore energy balance via compensatory responses (Countinho et al. 2018). However, a clinical study involving 35 adults showed that the technique used to achieve energy restriction, whether it is continuous or intermittent, does not appear to modulate the compensatory mechanisms activated by weight loss (Countinho et al. 2018). Restriction of energy intake induces physiological effects that hinder further weight loss. Recent reviews emphasize that intermittent fasting appears to produce similar effects to continuous energy restriction to reduce body weight, fat mass, fat-free mass and improve glucose homeostasis, and may reduce appetite (de la Hunty et al. 2013; Seimon et al. 2015). However, intermittent fasting does not appear to attenuate other adaptive responses to energy restriction or improve weight loss efficiency.