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Low-grade Glioma: Principles of Diagnosis and Drug Treatment
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Olaf Witt, Astrid Gnekow, Daniela Kandels, Mark Kieran
LGG growth may affect the pituitary and / or the hypothalamus. DS is a rare syndrome of severe emaciation with preservation or acceleration of linear growth occurring especially in children <2 years of age with optic pathway glioma.6,53,54 In response to therapy, severe emaciation may be conversely replaced by inappropriate and rapid weight gain and central precocious puberty.55,56 As outcome measures for tumors presenting with hormone dysfunction or failure require comprehensive auxological assessment (height, weight, body mass index), pubertal assessment (Tanner staging), and full evaluation of hypothalamic pituitary axis (insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone dynamic testing, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone/estradiol, 0900 cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, prolactin, paired morning urine/plasma osmolality measurements), this should be assessed with the initial clinical workup.
Introduction and Method
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
When nutrients are adequate in adulthood, the body may grow to average heights, compensating for childhood deficiencies. Undernutrition evokes images of emaciation. Genesis recounted a dream of “gaunt cows” and “ears of grain, thin and blasted by the east wind.”69 Orthodox Christian icons depict slender ascetics on the path toward sainthood. Insufficient calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals arrest growth. Too few nutrients thin enamel, a condition known as hypoplasia and evident in skeletons with intact teeth. As noted above, the body may compensate for childhood deficiencies if nourishment is adequate in adulthood. Bones, though not teeth, regain density, forming marks known as Harris lines after British anatomist Henry Albert Harris (1886–1968). These lines, apparent in X-rays of skeletons, memorialize the position of growth plates when nutrition was inadequate, infection or parasitism severe, or their combination stopped growth. Adult skeletons with small head circumferences may reveal food scarcity in childhood. Head and brain normally grow rapidly early in life, but insufficient nourishment arrests growth, preserving dearth into adulthood. Small vertebral width also indicates undernourishment during infancy and childhood.
Introduction to energy aspects of nutrition
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
Severe emaciation and malnutrition are frequently associated with terminal malignant disease, and starvation may be the immediate cause of death in 20–40% of cancer deaths. It is seen in about half of all terminally ill cancer patients especially in lung, pancreatic and stomach cancer. This is now termed cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome. There may be several readily identifiable causes for the loss of weight seen in these cancer sufferers such as the examples listed as follows. When malignancy affects the alimentary tract. Where the disease makes eating difficult or painful.When appetite is depressed in patients who are in great pain or extremely distressed. The anti-cancer therapies may themselves induce nausea and anorexia.
Treatment of spinal tuberculosis in rabbits using bovine serum albumin nanoparticles loaded with isoniazid and rifampicin
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Rong Ma, Jianqun Zhang, Zhen Chen, He Ma, Xiaoyin Liu, Simin Liang, Peng Wu, Zhaohui Ge
The 14 model rabbits in the experimental group were all alive after treatment. After 6 weeks of treatment, the weights of rabbits in the nanoparticles treatment group had increased by an average of 0.44 kg, while after 12 weeks of treatment, their weights had increased by a further 0.27 kg. In the general treatment group (INH and RFP injections), all the 14 model rabbits survived treatment with four having developed neurological symptoms of hind leg paralysis. There was no significant increase in weight after 6 weeks of treatment, and only six rabbits gained an average of 0.3 kg after 12 weeks of treatment. Group C: All rabbits occurred with symptoms of emaciation, weight loss and reduced food intake. All the test samples died due to excessive systematic TB bacterial infection within 45–60 days.
Amelioration of toxicopathological effects of thiamethoxam in broiler birds with vitamin E and selenium
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Shfaia Tehseen Gul, Rabia Liaquat Khan, M. Kashif Saleemi, Maqbool Ahmad, Riaz Hussain, Ahrar Khan
Adverse effects of TMX have been reported on hematological, biochemical and behavioral parameters in laboratory animals including reduced numbers of erythrocytes and leukocytes, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit values. In this study, the birds treated with TMX showed alterations in the behavior were quite similar to those reported by Addy-Orduna et al. (2019) in eared doves due to imidacloprid toxicity. These included progressive decrease in activity and breathing difficulties without convulsions. The reduction in the feed intake and emaciation has been observed during present study. Similar findings of digestive disturbances have been reported in partridge due to imidacloprid toxicity (Lopez-Anitia et al. 2013) and eared doves due to TMX toxicity (Addy-Orduna et al. 2019).
Neurosurgery and neuromodulation for anorexia nervosa in the 21st century: a systematic review of treatment outcomes
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
Stuart B. Murray, Michael Strober, Reza Tadayonnejad, Ausaf A. Bari, Jamie D. Feusner
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disabling, and potentially chronic and life-threatening eating disorder, characterized by self-imposed starvation, physical emaciation, an intense fear of weight gain, and a marked disturbance in the way one’s shape and weight is experienced (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Notably, AN demonstrates the highest mortality rates among all psychiatric disorders (Arcelus et al., 2011) and approximately 60% of those afflicted still meet diagnostic criteria two decades after illness onset (Fichter et al., 2017). At present, no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy exists, and psychosocial treatments typically yield short-term symptom remission in approximately one third of adolescent-age patients, and even less in adults (Watson & Bulik, 2012). In consideration of the challenge of treatment resistance, and managing cases of severe and enduring illness, interest has grown in the potential value of surgical and neuromodulatory strategies.