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Phytosomes as Novel Carriers of Herbal Extracts
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Sevgi Güngör, Özlem Akbal-Dağıstan, Evren Algın Yapar, Murat Kartal, Yıldız Özsoy
Diosmin is classified as a phlebotonic flavonoid with a great potential for treatment of colon and hepatocellular carcinoma and also possesses good safety profile with a high tolerability. Freag and his colleagues (2013) demonstrated an extensive study that covered formulation, optimization, characterization, and ex vivo permeation of diosmin from its phytosome formulation and suggested that lyophilized formulation of diosmin could significantly increase the dissolution rate of diosmin compared to its marketed available options. Phytosome formulation can also enhance intestinal permeation of diosmin in rats. A second study performed by the same research group investigated the laminated chitosan: hydroxyproply methylcellulose composite sponges loaded with tripterine liposomes and functionalized with protamine. The results from the in vivo pharmacokinetic data and ex vivo permeation data confirmed an increased rate of buccal delivery of the chitosan-based phytosome (Freag et al., 2018a). A third study from Freag and his co-workers (2018b) highlighted for the first time formulation of self-assembled phytosome nanocarriers to increase solubility and oral bioavailability of celastrol. As a conclusion of in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic data, it was shown that there is a great potential usage of phytosome nanocarriers systems of celastrol for oral cancer treatment.
How much pharmacological therapy can be incorporated in primary lymphedema management?
Published in Byung-Boong Lee, Peter Gloviczki, Francine Blei, Jovan N. Markovic, Vascular Malformations, 2019
Similar preparations such as micronized purified flavonoid fractions of diosmin and hesperidin may be beneficial when there are associated chronic venous disorders presenting along with the primary lymphedema.9
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Plant yields 1 to 2% of a yellow or greenish volatile oil. Pulegone content ranges from 9% in Brazilian varieties, to 16 to 30% in the U.S. varieties, to 80 to 94% in European varieties.3 Fujita and Fujita report the following among the autoxidation products and neutral compounds of the essential oil: alpha-pinene, beta pinene, limonene, 3-octanone, p-cymene, 3-octylacetate, 3-octanoI, l-octen-3-ol, 3-methylcyclohexanone, menthone, isomenthone, isopulegone. pulegone, piperitone, as- and rraHS-pulegone oxide, piperitenone, dehydrox-ymethofuran-oxide, menthofuran oxide, caryophyllene, beta-humulene, and paraffins. Among the acidic compounds and autoxidation products were launc acid, mynstic acid, palmitic acid, beta-methyl-adipic acid, beta-methyl-delta-isobutyryl-valeric acid, phenol, o-cresol, p-cresol, salicylaldehyde, and eugeonal. Diosmin and hesperidin are also reported.33 Dry seeds contain 24.6% protein, 26.6% fat, 11.1% ash, 0.9% Ca, 0.5% Na. and 1 5% K.
Comparison of the effects of methylprednisolone, hyperbaric oxygen and hesperidin + diosmin on the facial nerve injury: an experimental animal model
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Yaşar Özbuğday, Mehmet Erkan Kahraman, Abdullah Arslan, Ilknur Küçükosmanoğlu
Hesperidin + Diosmin, is effectively used as a vasoprotective agent in varicose veins, hemorrhoids and lymphedema. This agent reduces capillary permeability and edema, and increases blood flow at the tissue level [12,13]. The effects of hesperidin, one of the components of HD, can be attributed to many mechanisms such as free radical scavenging, suppression of inflammation, inhibition of enzymes responsible for free radical formation and facilitating the endogenous antioxidative defense system [13,14]. In addition, it has been shown in animal studies that hesperidin protects neuronal cells in various regions of the brain against ischemia, stroke, and oxidative-induced damage [15]. In our study, which we designed based on the positive effects of flavonoids on microcirculation and their potential neuroprotective activities in central nervous system studies, we observed the positive effects of HD on traumatic FN injury, both histopathologically and functionally. This potential positive effect and mechanism of action needs to be demonstrated by further studies in animals and humans.
Nanocrystals for controlled delivery: state of the art and approved drug products
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Rahul S. Kalhapure, Siddhant Palekar, Ketan Patel, Jasmin Monpara
Nanocrystals for transdermal controlled delivery have been reported in the literature by combining them with another carrier system (Table 4). Diosmin (DM) is a flavonoid having antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities and primarily used in diabetic ulcers. Similar to all other flavonoid, DM is practically insoluble in water. Atia et al developed diosmin nanocrystals (DM-NCs) loaded alginate wafers. Initially, nanosuspension was prepared using DMSO as a solvent and water as an antisolvent. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and/or microcrystalline cellulose (MC) were added as stabilizer to the suspension in 1:1 ratio. DM-NCs loaded wafers/gel were evaluated for treatment of induced diabetes and ulcers in mice. It was observed that at day 6, wound closure in wafers, gels and neat DM was 70.7%, 59.66% and 28.13%, respectively. The authors found that using sodium alginate and gelatin (1:1) wafers loaded with nanocrystals provided a sustained release of diosmin over 8 h [54]. Authors have performed lyophilization of nanosuspension to increase stability however, no stability data for extended storage at different conditions has been provided.
Extensive metabolism of flavonoids relevant to their potential efficacy on Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2021
Diosmin (diosmetin-7-O-β-D-rutinoside) is a flavone rutinoside, containing a O-interglycosidic bond between C-1 of the α-L-rhamnose and C-6 of the β-D-glucose. It was hydrolyzed to the aglycone diosmetin followed by rapid metabolism in rats after oral administration, and consequently, diosmetin shared partial metabolic pathways of diosmin, which, along with diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside following removal of the rhamnose, claimed the majority of the diosmin metabolites based on them (Chen et al. 2019), indicating diosmin was absorbed intact prior to further phase I and II metabolism. In addition, diosmetin was glucuronidated primarily at 3-OH in human after oral administration of diosmin (Silvestro et al. 2013).