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What Milk and Dairy Products Can Do for the Human Body
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) is an indispensable vitamin that is essential for the health of humans as it impacts cell division. Its lack may cause neuropathy and anaemia. Matte et al. (2014) discussed the significance of milk as a dietary source of cyanocobalamin for humans. Milk consists of calcium in increased quantities which strengthens the teeth and bones. Decreased calcium consumption may lead to rickets in the initial stages of life (Heaney et al., 2000). The milk of grass-fed cows has an ample amount of ω-3 fatty acids which are considered a good fat for enhancing the health of the cardiovascular system and protecting from various conditions of the heart such as myocardial infarction or stroke (Haug et al., 2007).
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)/ Leber's Optic Atrophy (LOA)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Cyanocobalamin and Hydroxycobalamin: In two patients, hydroxocobalamin, a synthetic, injectable form of vitamin B12, was found to be superior to cyanocobalamin (a manufactured form of vitamin B12) in the treatment LHON. The dose was 1 mg twice weekly in one subject and 1 mg weekly in the other subject. Visual acuity in both eyes improved.7
Oral Nutritional Supplements and Appetite Stimulation Therapy
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Injectable cyanocobalamin should be considered if the patient has low B12 levels. This should be performed weekly for 5 weeks to achieve restoration of B12 metabolism. Depending on the patient’s condition, parenteral cyanocobalamin may be necessary on an ongoing basis.
Sublingual methylcobalamin treatment is as effective as intramuscular and peroral cyanocobalamin in children age 0–3 years
Published in Hematology, 2021
Betül Orhan Kiliç, Serhat Kiliç, Elif Şahin Eroğlu, Eylem Gül, Fatma Burcu Belen Apak
In another point of view of comparing methyl versus cyanocobalamin; there are studies reflecting some potential disadvantages of cyanocobalamin. Freeman et al argued that cyanocobalamin should be withdrawn from the market for reasons related to tobacco amblyopia and other optic neuropathies and noted that cyanocobalamin was replaced by hydroxocobalamin in the WHO essential drugs list[17,18]. In another study, it was found that patients with renal failure may have high levels of thiocyanate and cyanide with vitamin B12 therapy[19,20]. Spence et al. reported that the harm from cyanocobalamin among study participants with renal failure obscured the benefit of vitamin B to lower homocysteine levels in stroke prevention[21–24]. For these reasons, methylcobalamin therapy may be preferred to cyanocobalamin therapy in children.
Recent advances from metabolomics and lipidomics application in alzheimer’s disease inspiring drug discovery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf, Amanpreet Badhwar
Vitamin B12 (chemical name cyanocobalamin) is an organometallic compound acting as a cofactor for a number of enzymes. Vitamin B12 deficiency is characterized by a number of serious clinical conditions including neurodegenerative changes such as cognitive impairment, peripheral neuropathy or psychiatric disorders [81]. Poor vitamin B12 status is more often observed in older adults due to age-related gastric atrophy, reducing the production of intrinsic factors necessary for vitamin B12’s transport to the intestine. Vitamin B12 levels in serum show a negative correlation with cognitive decline in AD patients undergoing cholinesterase inhibitor therapy [82]. Vitamin B12 is a cofactor for acetyl-CoA utilization as well as conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA resulting in free CoA involved in the generation of acetylcarnitines in mitochondria as well as folate and methionine salvage metabolism. Through these functions, vitamin B12 is essential for the generation of plasmalogen and other long-chain phospholipids as well as the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Plasmalogens have a number of different functions including an antioxidant function as ROS scavengers protecting other lipids, lipoproteins, and phospholipids; as mediators of membrane dynamics and signaling as well as possible sites for storage of PUFAs with a proposed role in AD and other neurological disorders [83–86]. A consistent increase in plasmalogens and other phospholipids has been observed following vitamin B12 treatment suggesting a, as of yet, not fully described link between vitamin B12 and these neuroprotectors [81].
Comparison of the efficacy of parenteral and oral treatment for nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in children
Published in Hematology, 2018
Rabia Gönül Sezer, Handan Ayhan Akoğlu, Abdulkadir Bozaykut, Gül Nihal Özdemir
Few studies on oral treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency in children reported significant improvement in serum vitamin B12 levels as well [10–15]. Bahadır et al. reported 48 children treated with oral vitamin B12 with the following protocol: 1000 mcg every day for a week, every other day for 2 weeks, 2 days a week for 2 weeks and then followed with once a week [10]. This protocol was shown to be effective in all children for achieving normal vitamin B12 levels [10]. In another study with 14 children with selective vitamin B12 malabsorption, oral administration of 1000 mcg of vitamin B12 every 2 weeks was shown to be adequate to stabilize hematological parameters, serum vitamin B12 levels and treat anemia [11]. Sezer et al. treated 79 vitamin B12 deficient children orally and showed that the mean pre-treatment vitamin B12 level was increased from 182 ± 47.6 pg/mL to 482 ± 318 pg/mL after 1 month of treatment [13]. Oral cyanocobalamin was found to be effective for the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency [13].