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Nutritional Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Chelsea Kesty, Madeline Hooper, Erin McClure, Emily Chea, Cynthia Bartus
Overview: While the true prevalence remains unknown, the incidence appears to rise with age. Low vitamin B12 levels are generally due to either nutritional deficiency or malabsorption. A noteworthy cause of malabsorption is pernicious anemia, which results from impaired uptake of vitamin B12 due to lack of intrinsic factor. Pernicious anemia can be inherited or acquired later in life.
Inhalation Toxicity of Metal Particles and Vapors
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
It is used in high-temperature alloys and in permanent magnets. Its salts are useful in paint driers, as catalysts, and in the production of numerous pigments for use in glass and porcelain. Cemented carbide (hard metal) tools, used in metalcutting operations, are produced primarily from tungsten carbide and 2-25% cobalt powders. Cobalt is an essential element in that 1 μg of vitamin B12 contains 0.0434 μg of cobalt. Vitamin B12 is essential in the prevention of pernicious anemia.
Biochemical Parameters and Childhood Nutritional Anemia
Published in Anil Gupta, Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children, 2020
Lindenbaum et al. (1990) conducted a study on patients with pernicious anemia. The authors confirmed a rise in the serum levels of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine in the patients before the decline in serum vitamin B12 levels.
The relationship between anemia and obesity
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Ramadan A. Saad, Haitham MohammedHabib Qutob
Reduced dietary intake of needed nutrients, increased loss of nutrients due to blood loss caused by parasites or hemorrhage, impaired intestinal absorption of some nutrients such as vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor (IF) or iron due to Helicobacter pylori infection, or altered nutrient metabolism such as vitamin A or riboflavin deficiency are the most common causes of nutrient deficiency [31]. In addition, autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the loss of parietal cells in the stomach’s mucosa, and vitamin B12 deficiency is the most common consequence [32]. Although AIG reduces iron and vitamin B12 absorption, iron deficiency is discovered at a younger age and many years before the development of pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is a relatively late diagnosis in AIG and is most commonly identified in older people. This could be explained by both low turnover (2–3 g per day) with substantial storage (2–5 mg) and decreases in vitamin B12 absorption with age [33]. Iron insufficiency, often known as hypoferraemia, is the most common single micronutrient deficit worldwide. Untreated iron deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia, a serious health disease characterized by fatigue, decreased life productivity, and poor maternal health, particularly in pregnant women [34] (Table 1).
Physical health status in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder, a systematic review
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2022
Louise Holm Madsen, Kimie Stefanie Ormstrup Sletved, Lars Vedel Kessing, Maj Vinberg
Lastly, our search revealed two studies on autoimmune diseases in first-degree relatives of bipolar probands [22,23]. The first study [22] investigated 30 different autoimmune diseases in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder since previous studies have suggested a possible overlap between multiple sclerosis and bipolar disorder [38,39]. Only pernicious anaemia had a positive familial association to bipolar disorder. However, only 23 cases of bipolar disorder had a family history of pernicious anemia compared to 6,477 individuals without a history of pernicious anaemia [22]. The latter study was also based on multiple testing, which amplifies the risk of a chance finding, i.e. a false-positive finding. Therefore, this finding could be a chance false positive rather than a true positive [40]. Nevertheless, the other register study [27] showed a statistically significant increased rate of infectious diseases (number of cases 593 among the first-degree relatives).
Nitrous oxide abuse induced subacute combined degeneration despite patient initiated B12 supplementation
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Courtney Temple, B. Zane Horowitz
N2O results in analgesic, anxiolytic and dissociative effects. The anesthetic action results from noncompetitive inhibition of the NMDA glutamate receptors [4] and the antinociceptive action is produced by opioid release in the midbrain modulating pain processing in the spinal cord [5,6]. Deficiency of Vitamin B12 is typically suspected in patients who present with unexplained macrocytosis with or without the presence of anemia, or neurologic symptoms. It is often described in patients with dietary restrictions or malabsorptive conditions such as pernicious anemia. Chronic N2O abuse usually manifests first with neurotoxicity rather than hematologic disturbance and up to a third of patients with neurologic symptoms have no evidence of hematologic abnormalities [7,8].