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Dementia/Cognitive Decline
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Cyanocobolamin: Metabolic disorders such a vitamin B12 deficiency cause dementia and must be corrected if present.8 Older adults on a vegetarian or vegan diet have an increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Certain drugs (metformin, proton pump inhibitors, and histamine [H-2] receptor antagonists) can also lead to a B12 deficiency. A typical dose for vitamin B12/cyanocobolamin is 1,000–2,000 mcg/day.
Haematology
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan, Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan
Complications of vitamin B12 deficiency include anaemia, peripheral neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, dementia. Diagnosis: based on low seum B12 levels; further tests include intrinsic factor and parietal cell antibodies and a Schilling test. Management: vitamin B12 deficiency can be treated with vitamin B12 injections or occasionally orally if cause is dietary deficiency.
Orthomolecular Parenteral Nutrition Therapy
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
Arturo O'Byrne-Navia, Arturo O'Byrne-De Valdenebro
Vitamin B12 deficiency is most commonly caused by low intakes, but can also result from malabsorption, certain intestinal disorders, low presence of binding proteins, and use of certain medications. Vitamin B12 is rare from plant sources, so vegetarians are most likely to suffer from vitamin B12 deficiency. Infants are at a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency if they were born to vegetarian mothers. The elderly who have diets with limited meat or animal products are vulnerable populations as well (Killen and Brenninger 2013).
Association of sodium voltage-gated channel genes polymorphisms with epilepsy risk and prognosis in the Saudi population
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Mansour A. Alghamdi, Laith N. AL-Eitan, Ashwag Asiri, Doaa M. Rababa’h, Sultan A. Alqahtani, Mohammed S. Aldarami, Manar A. Alsaeedi, Raghad S. Almuidh, Abdulbari A. Alzahrani, Ahmad H. Sakah, Eman Mohamad El Nashar, Mansour Y. Otaif, Nawal F. Abdel Ghaffar
The other part of the current study explored the association between different clinical features of epilepsy and SCN genes variants. We found that these variants, rs1965757, rs7581811, rs7592445 rs3943809, rs12614399 of SCN2A and rs7598098 of SCN3A imply variation of epilepsy risk depending on the individuals’ gender. It has been indicated that men are more vulnerable to localization-related symptomatic epilepsies, whereas cryptogenic localization-related epilepsies were more frequent in women [29]. We also infer that SCN2A genetic variants, rs10194956 and rs4667869, may affect the duration of first seizure. Vitamin B12 deficiency may result in neurological problems (Benbir et al. 2006). In this regard, the concentration of vitamin B12 found to be associated with the rs303778 of SCN8A in epilepsy patients in this study. History of febrile seizure of epilepsy can be posed as an essential prognostic factor that can predict epilepsy development. We propose that the rs2169312, rs13405797, rs2162600 of SCN1A and rs353139 of SCN2A are risk factor for epilepsy among individual with history of febrile seizure. Furthermore, the rs13405797 of SCN1A and rs2119067 of SCN3A can be considered as epilepsy risk biomarkers within individuals have a family history of epilepsy.
Perioperative anemia: clinical practice update
Published in Hospital Practice, 2021
Yogita Sharma Segon, Sara Dunbar, Barbara Slawski
Laboratory findings in Vitamin B12 deficiency: Vitamin B12 deficiency should suspected in patients with: Elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV)B12 levels of less than 200 pg/mL- Borderline B12 levels ranging from 200 to 300 pg/mL should be followed up by obtaining methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels.Elevated MMA levels of greater than 270 nmol/L are highly suggestive of B12 deficiency [2]. If MMA levels are elevated, consider obtaining anti-parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies prior to vitamin B12 supplementation [2].The presence of anti-intrinsic factor antibody is highly specific for pernicious anemia [21]
Challenges and opportunities in the diagnosis of nutritional optic neuropathy
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2020
Micronutrient deficiencies also exist in high-income countries like the US and UK, where vitamin B12 deficiency affects 6% of the population >65 years [10]. The most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in developed countries is malabsorption due to pernicious anemia [11]. Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune gastritis, associated with antibodies to intrinsic factor, in which gastric parietal cells are destroyed. Additionally, vitamin B12 deficiency is prevalent in the elderly due to progressive atrophy of the gastric mucosa [10]. Purely dietary causes of vitamin B12 deficiency are less common but may become increasingly prevalent with the rising popularity of veganism. Vegans are especially prone to vitamin B12 deficiency because fortified foods, like cereals, and animal-source foods, like fish, meat, eggs and dairy, are the main dietary sources of vitamin B12; hence, strict veganism can lead to irreversible blindness [12].