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Vitamin Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Individuals with AUD may be at risk of riboflavin deficiency due to limited intake and absorption. Those with thyroid disorders are also at risk as a result of altered riboflavin metabolism. Individuals with type 2 diabetes, trauma, or extreme stress are at higher risk of deficiency due to increased urinary riboflavin excretion. Patients with chronic malabsorption are also at risk.1
A teacher with intermittent rectal bleeding
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Microcytic anaemia (commonly due to iron deficiency) can be due to blood loss, inadequate iron intake, or malabsorbtion. This may be the presentation of an occult GI malignancy and so should be investigated. The most common sources of blood loss include: menstruation, the GI tract and the urinary tract. Malabsorption is due to small bowel disease, mainly gluten-sensitive enteropathy (see p. 200). Growth, pregnancy and lactation increase the demand for iron and may expose deficiency.
Nutrition for children with chronic diseases and syndromes
Published in Judy More, Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, 2021
The problems of malabsorption are due to a poor production of enzymes from the pancreas which are needed to digest foods in the small intestine so that they can be absorbed into the body. To improve the absorption of their food, about 90 per cent of children with cystic fibrosis are prescribed pancreatic enzyme supplements to be swallowed along with meals and snacks. The amount recommended varies from child to child depending on their symptoms. A vitamin and mineral supplement is also prescribed as the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K are usually poorly absorbed.
Autoimmune disorders associated with common variable immunodeficiency: prediction, diagnosis, and treatment
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2022
Niloufar Yazdanpanah, Nima Rezaei
Chronic enteropathy (with a pooled prevalence of 5.6% (95% CI: 2.4–8.8, I2 = 91.2) resulted from 2527 patients’ data [197]) with an inflammatory phenotype and in association with autoimmunity, splenomegaly, and hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue has been reported in CVID patients [9,203]. Although the most common GI complication in CVID is persistent or transient diarrhea, a phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease mimicking ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease has been observed (calculated pooled prevalence for IBD-like disease in CVID was 7.6% [197]). The condition results in malabsorption, blood loss, and weight loss. This type of GI complication is recognized after establishing the CVID diagnosis; however, it could be the primary presenting symptom in some cases [204,205].
Nutrition Intake and Nutrition Status of Pancreatic Cancer Patients: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Exercise Intervention Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Dorothea Clauss, Ingeborg Rötzer, Christine Tjaden, Thilo Hackert, Joachim Wiskemann, Karen Steindorf
Moreover, our results suggest that the patients have apparently eaten an adequate diet. This can be seen in the good energy supply of the patients. Also, the fact that only two patients received parenteral nutrition shows that the energy amount was obtained mainly from food and not from supplements. However, we do not know whether they were also sufficiently nourished. Metabolic parameters such as albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) provide important additional information about whether the energy intake was adequate, or whether malabsorption is present or not. For example, Hypoalbuminemia, defined as a serum albumin level <35 g/L, is a common surrogate marker of malnutrition (32). Malabsorption is the inadequate absorption of nutrients from food into the body’s circulation (3) due to a disruption of flow of pancreatic enzymes. An inadequate intake of nutrients combined with a pathologic process of increased nutrient consumption may result in a catabolic state (1). In addition to metabolic parameters such as albumin and CRP, a stable body weight may also be used as a marker for an adequate energy intake. The body weight of our study population was stable or increased minimally over the study period. If this aspect of stable body weight is taken into account, the energy intake of our patients would seem to have been adequate. However, we had no data on albumin or CRP, so we could not conclude with certainty whether the nutrients that the patients ingested with their food were actually absorbed by their bodies.
Cardiovascular benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2022
The two most recognized members of the SGLT family, SGLT1 and SGLT2, are members of the solute carrier family 5 A (SLC5A) [4]. SGLT2 is responsible for glucose reabsorption in segments 1 and 2 of the proximal tubule, where it reabsorbs more than 90% of the glucose filtered in the glomerulus [5,6]. SGLT1 exists in the kidney as well as the intestine, heart, parotid, and submandibular salivary glands [7–9]. Though SGLT2 is responsible for most glucose re-uptake, residual glucose reabsorption in the kidneys is mediated by SGLT1, which is in the second and third segment of the proximal convoluted tubules. A missense mutation in the SLC5A family can lead to a rare glucose malabsorption disease that affects mostly the SGLT-1 protein in the intestine. The disease has symptoms of watery osmotic diarrhea created by non-absorbed glucose and sodium. The malabsorption can lead to death if the disease is not treated [10].