China
Africa
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Environmental Impact Assessment: Environmental Health and Food Safety
Published in Stefania Negri, Environmental Health in International and EU Law, 2019
2. The current obesity problem and child obesity. A problem that worries the States also in the international scope. Obesity is a disease and efficient prevention measures must be adopted, which, in addition, will reduce the healthcare cost. Among these measures, it may be efficient the use of the health impact assessment for certain activities, as the food advertising addressed to minors. In addition to the appropriate information on the composition of food and the presence of contaminants within the legal limits.
Fat Cell Size and Number in Obese Children
Published in Fernand P. Bonnet, Adipose Tissue in Childhood, 2019
The relationship of child obesity with some types of adult obesity is well documented. One third of the cases of adult obesity apparently go back to the growth period;9,10 these juvenile forms are thought to be the most severe and the most difficult to control. It has been recently reported that this severity was not only explained by changes in adipose tissue but also by severe psychological disturbances.11,12
Young people, physical activity and ‘active play’ promotion in Canada
Published in Joe Piggin, Louise Mansfield, Mike Weed, Routledge Handbook of Physical Activity Policy and Practice, 2018
In Canada, as in the United States and in a growing number of European and African countries (Ebbeling et al., 2002, Onywera et al., 2013, Tremblay et al., 2014), there has been a surge of interest in measuring, evaluating and taking action on physical inactivity and obesity in the population, particularly among children and youth (PHAC, 2010, WHO, 2004, WHO, 2010b, WHO, 2012, Kohl et al., 2012, Piggin and Bairner, 2014, WHO, 2010a). Much of the literature on physical activity amongst children and youth focuses on preventing obesity by determining the most important factors influencing physical activity. Indeed, many studies have examined behavioural (i.e., individual) factors or family-based (i.e., contextual) factors, while others have examined the social and physical environment factors that shape physical activity behaviours and others the pharmacological interventions directly addressing child obesity (Ebbeling et al., 2002).
The relationship between obesity and dental caries according to life style factors in schoolchildren: a case-control study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Childhood obesity is defined as the body’s excess fat, and owing to its worldwide distribution and serious effects, is described as a global pandemia [4]. This mounting public health problem is associated with both immediate and long-term risk factors such as heart disease, hyperlipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertension and adult obesity [5]. Child obesity is rapidly expanding throughout the world. It is estimated that 7% of the world’s population is obese and almost 20% is overweighed (OW). In the United States, 15.8% of children at age 6–11 participating in NHANES were overweighting [6]. In England, the prevalence is reported as 16% among children aged 2–16, in 2006 [7]. In Europe, it is stated that 20% of children under 10 years of age are OW or even obese, according to international task force criteria [8]. In Turkey, there is no information regarding the prevalence of childhood obesity throughout the country, but the prevalence in regional statistics varies between 2% and 8.4% [9].
Parents’ perceptions of parent-child interactions related to eating and body image: an experimental vignette study
Published in Eating Disorders, 2020
Janet A. Lydecker, Paige M. Cunningham, Elizabeth O’Brien, Carlos M. Grilo
Our study also provides novel findings regarding parents’ opinions on weight-loss strategies and on how they perceive the role of the parent. Earlier research has suggested that parents see the pediatrician as central in treating pediatric overweight/obesity (Lupi et al., 2014). Our study, however, which asked parents about weight-loss approaches that we conceptualized as professional- or home-based, found that parents were more likely to recommend weight-loss efforts that could be implemented at home rather than efforts requiring professionals. This is an encouraging finding for professionals who likely lament the limited time they can spend addressing obesity in clinical settings. This also suggests that preventive work using parents as a first-line resource for children with overweight/obesity might be well-received. Future research could examine severity of child obesity and the point at which parents prefer to seek help from professionals, as well as whether engaging parents in their preferred weight-loss approaches leads to greater effectiveness. Since some of the weight-loss recommendations have associated financial costs, it is unclear whether parents considered cost in selecting their recommendations. Future research should elicit parents’ recommendations with explicit instructions to consider relative costs, as this could explain why parents preferred home-based recommendations.
Digit ratios and motor and health-related fitness in pre-adolescent females
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2019
Hamid Agha-Alinejad, Babak Farzad, Mina Akbari, Dani M. Moffit, Amirbahador Dakhili
Due to the growing prevalence of childhood obesity in developed and developing countries and the fact that child obesity often tracks into adulthood (Togashi et al. 2002), it is a major concern among health professionals to present simple determinants of phenotypic disorders of body composition early in life. 2D:4D digit ratio may significantly influence the body composition of girls. With regard to body fat percentage, we have found a positive correlation between right–left 2D:4D and body fat percentage, but the left or right 2D:4D ratios of the girls were not related to the body fat percentage. This condition was probably caused by a reduced exposure to female sex hormones in these girls, thus inhibiting adipogenesis (Pruszkowska-Przybylska et al. 2018). A positive association between 2D:4D ratio and percentage of body fat in boys and girls has been reported previously (Eler 2018). However, studies of boys and girls aged 6–13 years showed no significant impact of the 2D:4D digit ratio on the percentage of body fat, but the 2D:4D digit ratio was a significant indicator of the muscle mass, which explained the variance of the muscle mass (∼3%) in girls (Pruszkowska-Przybylska et al. 2018).