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Biochemistry of Exercise Training: Effects on Bone
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Panagiota Klentrou, Rozalia Kouvelioti
Trabecular, or “spongy,” bone is less dense, yet it is considered more metabolically active than compact bone (21). It has a large number of rod- or plate-shaped trabeculae, which form a sponge-like network of small pieces of bone separated by fatty or haematogenous marrow. As a result of the high surface to volume ratio and large surface adjacent to marrow, there is a high turnover rate in trabecular bone (90). Trabecular bone is found in the vertebrae, pelvis, and ends of long bones where more movement occurs, usually referring to the joint cavities.
Bone structure and function in relation to aging and the menopause
Published in Barry G. Wren, Progress in the Management of the Menopause, 2020
Although the simulation model and clinical studies could be interpreted as showing a 20% bone loss during the 5 years of menopause, this is not actually the case as some of the bone mass loss is reversible, and some of it is related to the aging process per se and not to estrogen depletion. Furthermore, it is clear from inspecting Figure 10 that when the simulations with the menopause are compared with simulation without the menopause, the loss of trabecular thickness during menopause roughly corresponds to a ‘normal’ aging over a period of 5 years. It should still be kept in mind that the age-related bone loss is 40-50% when considering trabecular bone — and that this is seen in both men and women!
Sex Hormones and Their Impact on Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
In women, estradiol plays a major role in preserving skeletal integrity. Loss of bone mass occurs commonly with estrogen loss. Bone loss due to estrogen regression follows a foreseeable pattern. Initially, bone loss is rapid and affects trabecular bone first. After 10–15 years of estrogen deficiency, the rate of loss each year decreases to less than one-half of its level before menopause. Due to the fragility of the resulting bone, mild trauma can produce fractures of the wrist and spine. After another 10–15 years of bone loss, hip fractures become more common [75].
A clinical herbal prescription Gu-Shu-Kang capsule exerted beneficial effects on the musculoskeletal system of dexamethasone-treated mice by acting on tissue IGF-1 signalling pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Xiao-Li Li, Liang Wang, Ming-Chao He, Wen-Xiong Li, Jia-Li Zhang, Yong-Fang Fu, Yan Zhang
The profiles of two-dimensional (2D, Figure 6(A)) and 3D (Figure 6(B)) images obviously displayed the loss of trabecular bone mass and the breakage of cancellous bone at proximal metaphysis of tibia of Dex-treated mice. The quantitative data showed a decline in trabecular bone mineral density (BMD/TV, p < 0.05), connectivity density (Conn.D, p < 0.01), and trabecular bone volume (BV/TV, p < 0.01), as well as a rise in trabecular bone separation (Tb.Sp, p < 0.05) in the Dex group as compared to those of the control group (Figure 6(C)). The values of BMD/TV and Conn.D in mice treated with low dose of GSK were increased by 13.3% and 7.1%, respectively, in a comparison with the Dex group. GSK treatment in GSK-M (p < 0.05) and GSK-H (p < 0.01) groups dose-dependently produced a dramatic elevation in BMD/TV and Conn.D and a marked drop in Tb.Sp at the proximal tibial end of mice.
Trabecular bone score value is associated with new bone formation independently of fat metaplasia on spinal magnetic resonance imaging in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2020
KY Kang, J-Y Jung, SK Lee, HK Min, YS Hong, S-H Park, JH Ju
This study has several limitations. First, the sample size was relatively small, which may have reduced the statistical power of the study. The array of possible interactions between inflammation-induced trabecular bone loss and instability needs to be investigated in large prospective cohorts. This includes clear identification of the factors related to new bone formation after the development of instability. We could not analyse the effects of smoking on new bone formation because this information was not available in the baseline data. Smoking is associated with spinal radiographic progression in axSpA (34), and it could also affect bone health. In the current study, we only analysed the association between FM at baseline and new bone formation, not sequential FM occurrence. A previous study also reported that the presence of fatty lesions at baseline was not associated with new bone formation, and FM at baseline may be less predictive of new bone formation than FM preceded by inflammation (35). Therefore, our results on the predictive value of FM at the vertebral level should be interpreted with caution. Lastly, we used logistic regression to analyse the association between each variable and new bone formation at the vertebral level. Since this analysis assumed no correlation between different vertebral levels within the same patient, there is a possibility that it does not fully reflect correlations between vertebrae from the same patient.
Microfluidic-based screening of resveratrol and drug-loading PLA/Gelatine nano-scaffold for the repair of cartilage defect
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Li Ming, Yuan Zhipeng, Yu Fei, Rao Feng, Weng Jian, Jiang Baoguo, Wen Yongqiang, Zhang Peixun
After 3 months, the cartilage tissue of SD rats was scanned by microCT and reconstructed after scanning. Both the scanning plain and reconstructed three-dimensional images showed that cartilage collapse defects in group A were obvious, bone trabecula structure was disorder. In the sham group, the cartilage surface was smooth and the trabecular structure was neat. In group B, the cartilage defect still collapsed but the cartilage surface and scaffold started to integration. The trabecular bone structure remained disordered. In group C, the defect collapse became shallow. The cartilage surface and scaffold integrated more. The trabecular bone structure gradually recovered. In groups D and E, the defect collapses were the shallowest. In group D, the cartilage surface and scaffold were well integrated, a large number of bone trabeculars were generated, and the defect was almost flat and completely fused compared with surrounding cartilage. The structure between the trabecular was intact with good porosity. Group D (with 114.28 μmol/L resveratrol) had the best repair effect for the cartilage defects (Figure 7).