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Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
This artery is responsible for supplying the majority of oxygenated blood to the soft tissues of the face. It originates from the external carotid artery within the carotid triangle, deep to the ramus of the mandible. After branching from the external carotid artery, it travels anteriorly and wraps around the inferior aspect of the body of the mandible before coursing a tortuous path superiorly, past the corner of the mouth towards the cheek and nasal alar. The facial artery then continues to run along the lateral aspect of the nose to the medial commissure of the eye before it terminates as the angular artery.
Identification of the living and the dead
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
Teeth are in fact very well protected by the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. It is not uncommon for a body to show signs of incineration, while the molar teeth have only slight damage, if any, from fire. As the temperature of the environment and, hence, the body in question, rises the tongue will swell protecting the surfaces of the teeth facing the inside of the mouth. The ramus of the mandible will also offer some protection to the outer surfaces of the molar teeth, as will the soft tissue of the cheek.
Neck Space Infections
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The masticator space, (Figures 40.7 and 40.8), lies inferior to the skull base (greater wing of sphenoid and squamous temporal bone) and is bounded by the pharyngeal mucosa medially and the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible laterally. The lateral pterygoid plate, superior constrictor, tensor and levator palatini muscles constitute the posteromedial border and can be subdivided into superficial temporal space superolaterally, deep temporal space superomedially, pterygoid space inferomedially and masseteric space inferolaterally. Communication with the pterygopalatine fossa exists via the pterygomaxillary fissure; the muscles of mastication and the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve are contained within it.
Tapia syndrome: an unusual complication following posterior cervical spine surgery
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Adikarige HD Silva, Matthew Bishop, Hari Krovvidi, Declan Costello, Jasmeet Dhir
The hypoglossal nerve is located on the most lateral prominence of the anterior surface of the transverse process of C1 vertebra, crossing the vagus nerve just lateral to the transverse process of C2 vertebra. It also lies postero-medial to the angle of the ramus of the mandible and posterior to the lateral pharyngeal wall. In a neutral head position, the endotracheal tube is usually in the midline. Excessive neck flexion leads to deviation of the endotracheal tube laterally from the midline with pressure, posterior movement of the ramus of the mandible closer to the cervical spine and therefore, potentiates entrapment and compression of the two nerves between endotracheal tube and pharyngeal wall, mandibular ramus and the transverse process of the C2 cervical vertebra. In our case, surgical time was not excessively prolonged, but there was a possibility of hyper-flexion.
Five cases of orbital extramedullary plasmacytoma: diagnosis and management of an aggressive malignancy
Published in Orbit, 2019
Samuel S. Y. Wang, Mitchell B. Lee, Adarsh George, Sarah B. Wang, Jonathan Blackwell, Steve Moran, Ian C. Francis
Three months prior to presentation, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) had been documented as 6/4 in each eye following uneventful cataract surgery. On presentation BCVA had reduced to 6/6 bilaterally. There was swelling of the right periorbital region, and of the angle and ramus of the mandible bilaterally. On palpation, these mandibular body masses were fixed to bone. The right masseter bulk was decreased. Ocular rotations were abnormal in the right eye, with defective abduction (−0.5/4 of right abduction). The normal abducting saccadic velocity excluded a sixth nerve palsy. There was an isolated left-over-right hypertropia; however, third and fourth cranial nerve lesions were excluded. The pupillary reflexes were normal.
The effect of retraining hypofunctional jaw muscles on the transverse skull dimensions of adult rats
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Anna Ödman, Andrea Bresin, Stavros Kiliaridis
The alterations observed in the rehabilitation group at the end of the experiment were only at sites where mechanical load had been induced by the masseter muscle on the zygomatic arch. The later is formed by the zygomatic process of the maxilla anteriorly to the zygomatic bone centrally and then the zygomatic process of the squamosal posteriorly [15]. This is the site of the origin of the deep masseter muscle, which inserts to the lateral surfaces of the body and ramus of the mandible. It was previously found that our rehabilitation model caused an increase of the slow contractile gene expression isoform (MYH 7) levels due to an adaptation to the augmented mechanical load [16].