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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Plantaris originates from the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and from the oblique popliteal ligament (Standring 2016). Its tendon courses between gastrocnemius and soleus and inserts onto the calcaneus medial to the insertion of the Achilles tendon (Standring 2016).
Leg Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
The calf muscle is made up of three muscles: The largest one is called the gastrocnemius. It is a powerful superficial muscle located at the back of the tibia. It has two parts, also called heads.The medial head originates from the posterior surface of the femur superior to the medial condyle and posterior to the insertion of the adductor magnus muscle.The lateral head originates from the lateral epicondyle of the femur.A smaller one is called the soleus; it lies underneath the gastrocnemius muscle.A tiny one is called the plantaris; it originates from the lateral supracondylar line of the femur, just superior and medial to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, as well as from the oblique popliteal ligament in the posterior aspect of the knee.8
Achilles disorders
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Maneesh Bhatia, Nicholas Eastley, Kartik Hariharan
To eliminate its local compressive effects on the AT several groups have advocated the surgical division of the Plantaris tendon. This can be performed during open or endoscopic surgery and has shown promising results with improved pain and function reported (24).
Comparing the outcomes of fingertip-to-palm and fingertip-to-forearm two-stage flexor tendon reconstruction for isolated flexor digitorum profundus tendon injuries
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Osman Orman, Ethem Ayhan Ünkar, Kahraman Öztürk
Second stage was planned to be performed after 12 weeks when the injured digit could be passively flexed to touch the palm. Bruner-type incision at the distal phalanx was used to reveal the distal stump of the FDP and the distal end of the tendon implant and the connecting sutures were divided. Cautious dissection was held not to harm the pseudosheath proximal to the DIP joint or to injure any of the pulleys. The proximal end of the implant was retrieved through the forearm or palm incision. Tendon stripper is employed to harvest the grafts. The tendon graft is sutured to the proximal end of the implant and pulled through the new tendon sheath. Palmaris longus tendon was used as tendon graft in 28 patients (80%) and plantaris tendon was used in seven patients (20%). Tenorrhaphy was applied to the FDP tendon of the involved digit in group I. In group II, common profundus tendon mass was used as a motor for 3rd, 4th and 5th digits, whereas the involved digit’s independent profundus tendon was used as a motor for the 2nd digit. Graft fixation was achieved distally using a grasping suture passed volar to dorsal through drill holes in the distal phalanx and secured on a button. Nonabsorbable sutures were used to suture the FDP tendon remnant on the distal phalanx to the tendon graft as reinforcement. The proximal tendon graft is secured in the palm or distal forearm with a Pulvertaft weave technique, secured with nonabsorbable suture. If palm-to-fingertip graft is used, the proximal juncture is made just distal to the lumbrical origin. Intraoperatively, restoration of the natural digital cascade has been confirmed.
Developmental mechanisms of CPSP: Clinical observations and translational laboratory evaluations
Published in Canadian Journal of Pain, 2022
Plantar hind paw incision incorporates incision of the skin and underlying plantaris muscle and produces cellular and molecular alterations specific to this type of injury.6,12,13 Acute behavioral hyperalgesia (reduced hindlimb reflex thresholds) is evoked, with the degree and duration of sensitivity influenced by postnatal age14,15 but not sex.16 In younger animals, incision-induced electrophysiological changes in large dorsal root ganglion neurons persist beyond the period of behavioral hyperalgesia, afferent-evoked activity in second-order dorsal horn neurons is more marked and rapid,17,18 and noxious-evoked potentials in the somatosensory cortex are enhanced and more resistant to increasing isoflurane anesthesia.19 In addition, incision produces developmentally regulated long-term changes in nociceptive processing and response to re-incision20,21 that differ from other injury models (see reviews for inflammatory, nerve injury, arthritis, stress, and immune challenge models7,11,22–28).
Differential effects of heat stress on fibre capillarisation in tenotomised soleus and plantaris muscles
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2018
Muthita Hirunsai, Ratchakrit Srikuea
Taken together, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of heat stress on the adaptation of capillary content, angiogenic regulators and fibre-type composition after Achilles tendon transection in rat soleus (tenotomised soleus) and plantaris (tenotomised plantaris) muscles. Both muscle types were chosen in this study because soleus represents the predominantly slow-twitch and oxidative postural muscles, whereas plantaris muscle represents predominantly fast-twitch and glycolytic muscles [22]. Since tendon rupture is commonly encountered following trauma or degenerative musculoskeletal diseases [23], we chose this animal model in the present study. Here, we hypothesised that heat stress could alleviate capillary regression of tenotomised muscle in different angiogenic responses between soleus and plantaris muscles. In addition, heat stress-induced capillarisation could be associated with the promotion of slow-oxidative fibre in disuse muscle atrophy.