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Anatomy of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Dustin M. Dalgorf, Richard J. Harvey
The subcutaneous tissue of the nose is made up of four layers: superficial fatty, fibromuscular, deep fatty and periosteal layers. The superficial fatty layer is directly connected to the dermis. The fibromuscular layer comprises the nasal SMAS. The deep fatty layer lies deep to the SMAS and contains the neurovascular system. The deepest layer is the periosteum and perichondrium. During external approach rhinoplasty, dissection deep to the third layer (deep fatty tissue) minimises post-operative scarring and retraction because the neurovascular and SMAS structures are preserved.
Chest wall deformities
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Robert E. Kelly, Marcelo Martinez-Ferro, Horacio Abramson
Multiple repairs have been developed for correction of pectus excavatum, but none has been uniformly accepted as the optimal procedure. The Nuss repair presently is most widely utilized. None of the alternatives is optimal in every circumstance. The current standard open repair is frequently attributed to Ravitch. His initial description included resection of the costal cartilage and the perichondrium with anterior fixation of the sternum with Kirschner wires. Welch and Baronofsky subsequently stressed the vital importance of preservation of the perichondrium to achieve optimal regeneration of the cartilage after repair, which generally occurs within 3 months of operation.
Stem Cells and Nanotechnology
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
In fish, amphibians, and birds, it is known that damaged auditory sensory epithelium may be restored by residing stem cells (Warchol, 2011; Namdaran et al., 2012). Based on these data, it was investigated the presence of stem cells and their possible regenerative abilities in the three regions (outer, middle, and inner ear) of the mammalian ear. Concerning the auricular perichondrium, the presence of putative stem cells has been observed in adult mice, but their ability to produce chondrocytes is unclear (Kobayashi et al., 2011; Kaucka et al., 2017). A small number of SC were isolated from adult mouse utricles, amounting to 0.025% of utricle cells (Li et al., 2003a; Oshima et al., 2007). However, only one report is available to date about the isolation of neural stem cells from the spiral ganglion of adult humans and Guinea pigs (Rask-Andersen et al., 2005).
The outcomes of endoscopic myringoplasty: packing with gelatin sponge versus packing with nothing
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Dan Wang, Tongli Ren, Wuqing Wang
Ear endoscopic myringoplasty without packing of the tympanic cavity and external auditory canal requires the operator to master skilled ear microscopy techniques. In the course of the operation, the following aspects should be considered: (1) Do not inject anaesthetics or haemostatic drugs into the external auditory canal. (2) Fresh wounds on the edge of the perforation should be performed well. (3) The perichondrium autograft is sufficiently large. (4) The smooth surface of the perichondrium faces the tympanic cavity, and the rough surface faces the outside. (5) The graft and perforation edge were well sealed. (6) Regular observation after operation. If an opening between the graft and the remnant of the tympanic membrane was inspected, the patient would be taken into the operation room for early re-positioning of the perichondrium and packing of gelatin sponge in the tympanic cavity and external auditory canal.
Autologous ear cartilage as a carrier for the Boston Type Ⅰ Keratoprosthesis in a rabbit model
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2019
Yeqi Zhou, Yuying Zhang, Jiajie Zhai, Zhancong Ou, Jiaqi Chen, Jianjun Gu
The regenerative ability of the perichondrium may also play an important role. Two specimens of granular tissue revealed the presence of lacunae. It has been reported by Ohlsén that free perichondrium transplanted to subcutaneous tissues, the muscles, and areolar tissue of rabbits could produce new cartilage (Ohlsén, 1976). As reported by Connon and Meek (Connon & Meek, 2003) the rabbit corneal stroma also manifests regenerative properties during corneal wound healing. However, in this study, with longer follow-up, the width of the gap between the flanges and carrier cornea enlarged. The gap was also connected to the ocular surface by 8 months post-implantation, as seen by AS-OCT scan. Given the absence of obvious inflammation in the operated eye, we speculate that the large lid fissure and lagophthalmos of the rabbit caused more evaporative damage to the carrier corneal tissue than could be compensated for by the regenerative properties of the corneal stroma of the rabbit. A device-graft gap not only leads to instability of the Kpro due to collision with the eyelid during blinking but may also allow access to pathogens and collagenases in the tear film.
The Morphology and Bending Behavior of Regenerated Costal Cartilage with Kawanabe-Nagata Method in Rabbits – the Short Term Result of an Experimental Study
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Jingjian Han, Roberto Cuomo, Yanyong Zhao, Bo Pan, Qinghua Yang
We set 10% strain as the maximal strain and no sample was destructed in this experiment, because in the physiological condition in vivo, the costal cartilage hardly reaches such a large deformation. The diameter of the regenerated costal cartilage was two to three times of the native cartilage which was mainly from the chondrogenesis of perichondrium. Furthermore, the perichondrium and surrounding tissue provided additional support for the coastal cartilage and were removed in the experiment for comparison. Therefore, the regenerated costal cartilage will not have a large range of deformation even with such a small stress at 10% strain. From this perspective, the perichondrium plays a dominating role in the mechanical properties of the regenerated cartilage.