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American Dermatology in the Nineteenth Century
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
On the scope of dermatology: I am firmly of the opinion that this branch of medicine should include all morbid manifestations that appear on the skin, whatever may be their cause, their nature and their character. Dermatology has properly to do with the integument and all that pertains to it, and moreover with all the varied causes that may disturb that organ. Thus the exanthematous and the numerous and diverse symptomatic eruptions, whether superficial or deep-seated, fugitive or persistent, are all entitled to a place in the group.65
Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Mammalian Skin
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
In man, the integument is derived from two morphologically distinct layers: the epidermis from surface ectoderm and the dermis from mesoderm. The surface ectodermal cells proliferate in the second month to form the periderm (epitrichium). This cell layer consists of simple squamous epithelium with microvilli, which increases the epidermal surface area exposed to the amniotic fluid. The presence of microvilli on the amniotic surface suggests that the periderm cells are involved in the exchange of material between the fetus and amniotic fluid. The peridermal cells contain filaments and glycogen and the underside is attached by junctional complexes to the adjacent epithelial cells. The basal ectodermal cells continue to proliferate and undergo keratinization and desquamation. These exfoliative cells, along with sebum from the sebaceous glands and other cellular debris, form the vernix caseosa, a whitish protective substance that covers the fetal skin. At birth, all cell layers are present.29–32 Cells of neural crest origin migrate into the epidermis during the early fetal period. Breathnach and Wyllie33 noticed melanocytes and Langerhans’ cells at 14 weeks in human fetal epidermis.
Adverse drug reactions on the skin
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
Exfoliative dermatitis is a rare but serious reaction pattern that is characterized by erythema, pruritus and scaling over the entire body (erythroderma; see Chapter 3 , Figure 31). Drug-induced exfoliative dermatitis usually begins a few weeks or longer following the administration of a culpable drug. Beginning as erythematous, edematous patches, often on the face, it spreads to involve the entire integument. The skin becomes swollen and scarlet and may ooze a straw-colored fluid; this is followed in a few days by desquamation. High fever, severe malaise and chills, along with enlargement of the lymph nodes, often coexist with the cutaneous changes.
Cannabinoids in hyperhidrosis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Till Kaemmerer, Benjamin Maximilian Clanner-Engelshofen, Tony Lesmeister, Lars Einar French, Markus Reinholz
Hyperhidrosis describes sweating in excess of that required for physiological thermoregulation. Over 90% of hyperhidrosis occurs idiopathically as primary hyperhidrosis or due to underlying diseases as secondary hyperhidrosis (1,2). Two types exist, a focal type affecting primarily the palmoplantar or axillary regions, and a less frequent generalized type presenting as diffuse sweating of the entire integument. The prevalence of primary hyperhidrosis varies between 3% and 5% in the USA and reaches up to 16% in other Western countries, such as 16.3% in Germany, with over 80% showing a multifocal pattern, though, cases are likely underreported (3–5). Therapies include topical aluminum chloride, oral anticholinergics, iontophoresis, botulinum toxin injection, sweat gland excision, and thoracic sympathectomy (1). Unfortunately, especially in generalized hyperhidrosis, there is often no adequate therapy available, with detrimental consequences for patient’s quality of life (6).
Naoxintong accelerates diabetic wound healing by attenuating inflammatory response
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Leyu Fang, Lu Chen, Min Song, Juan He, Lusha Zhang, Chunxiao Li, Qianyi Wang, Wenjie Yang, Wei Sun, Yuze Leng, Hong Shi, Shaoxia Wang, Xiumei Gao, Hong Wang
Restoration of tissue integrity and homeostasis following injury to the skin is of vital importance, as the integument provides the first barrier against invading microbes and pathogens. Acute inflammation occurring immediately after injury plays a critical role for host defence and debridement of necrotic tissues, although deregulated inflammation or its persistence can cause further tissue damage and lead to chronic non-healing wounds. Impaired wound healing causes considerable morbidity in afflicted patients, and is a leading cause of diabetes-related amputations. Thus, effective management of inflammation resolution is critical to wound care. Inflammatory response constitutes the first step in wound healing, and targeting excessive inflammation has been proposed for treating diabetic wounds.
Brief Commentary on the article “A Novel Clinical-Simulated Suture Education for Basic Surgical Skill: Suture on the Biological Tissue Fixed on Standardized Patient Evaluated with Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) Tools”
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2018
However, this study is not without its own drawbacks. The cohort design employed by the authors reduces the scope for statistical analysis. Also the rather small sample size mitigates the clinical significance of the study results. Nevertheless, the novelty of the study method throws open many possibilities for future studies in this field. Randomized controlled trials of a larger magnitude based on this idea can be carried out to validate the study results. A rather interesting thought is whether tissue-cultured human integument can be employed instead of porcine tissue for getting a better feel of human skin. Wider research is definitely warranted in this area to explore the possibilities further. To conclude, the use of OSATS for clinical simulation examination assessment can be recommended for wider adoption in medical curriculum.