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Management of Conditions and Symptoms
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson
Medications are the most appropriate strategy for pulmonary edema or excess fluid in the lungs. Peripheral edema in the extremities, such as that associated with late-stage heart failure or ascites, may be more challenging to address, however. Diuretics may be helpful initially, but by the nature of the increase in urination they cause, they often become impractical for an individual unable to perform regular toileting safely or conveniently. Modified compression techniques are recommended with appropriate modifications in the palliative and hospice care settings.67,69 Elevation of the extremities, and light retrograde massage techniques, can be beneficial. Skin care in the presence of swelling is also necessary to address dryness and help prevent infection. The use of moisturizers for the skin, regular gentle cleaning, and frequent position changes can act to protect the integumentary system. Teaching family members and caregivers how to perform light massage techniques to swollen extremities, assist with effective elevated positioning, and provide skincare techniques such as the application of creams and lotions, can be a way to allow them to provide a caring touch and offer comfort to their loved one at the end of life. Oils and lotions with light scents can provide an aromatherapy effect for patients who may enjoy such sensations; however, generally avoid this for individuals with symptoms of nausea.
The Integumentary (Dermatologic) System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The integumentary system consists of the skin, glands, nails, and hair. The origin of the name of this system is the Latin word integumentum, which means "cover." In addition to covering and protecting the underlying tissues, the integumentary system also functions to regulate body temperature, excrete waste materials, serve as a sense organ, and convert and store nutrients.
Attributes of Peripheral Dopamine and Dopamine Receptors
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
The skin and its accessory structures—hair, nails, and a variety of glands—make up the integumentary system and provide an overall protection to the underlying structures. The skin is composed of multiple layers of ectodermal tissues held together by connective tissue. As shown in Figure 6.11, the uppermost layer is the epidermis, organized as a stratified squamous epithelium composed of proliferating, basal, and terminally differentiated keratinocytes. The keratinocytes are the major cells that inhabit the epidermis, constituting 95% of its cellular content. Other cells within the epidermis include the mechanoreceptor Merkel cells, the pigment producing melanocytes, and the antigen-presenting dendritic Langerhans cells. The dermis, which lies under the epidermis, contains collagen fibers, blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, fibroblasts, sense organs, smooth muscles, and hair follicles. The innermost layer is the hypodermis, consisting primarily of fat tissue (adipocytes), which functions as insulation and as an energy source.
The prevalence of wound management physical therapist practice in the state of Texas
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Kelly D. Moore, Kylie Sterling, Lisa VanHoose, Drew A. Curtis, Han-Hung Huang
The integumentary system is one of the four core systems within the movement system that frame the profession of physical therapy (PT). The other core systems are the musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and neuromuscular systems. Current entry-level PT curricula in the United States provide students with adequate contact hours and the opportunity for clinical experiences in wound care, even though research data have shown the inconsistencies of PT programs in teaching integumentary and wound management (Lawson, Hettrick, Vallabhajosula, and Hale, 2019; Moore, Hardin, VanHoose, and Huang, 2020). After graduating from PT school and being licensed, physical therapists possess a thorough knowledge in anatomy, physiology, tissue healing, integumentary screening, and differential diagnosis as well as an extensive intervention skills for wound management (Kloth, 2009a, 2009b, 2009c, 2009d). Physical therapists bring a unique viewpoint to wound management because their primary focus of patients’ physical movement and functional activities.
Physical Therapy Interventions in a Patient with Nontraumatic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Secondary to Metastatic Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
A systems review revealed that the patient’s passive ROM was within normal limits for all extremities. There was no presence of spasticity based on Modified Ashworth Scale (Tederko et al., 2007). Her vitals were stable, but she became short of breath with mild exertional activities. Integumentary system was unremarkable with exception of well-healing surgical incisions. Motor and sensory testing were completed using AIS testing procedures as described by the American Spinal Injury Association manual (Kirshblum et al., 2011). The AIS has excellent intrarater and interrater reliability in both the acute and chronic SCI populations (Clifton et al., 1996; Curt and Dietz, 1997). The patient had no muscle activation in her legs except for trace activation in a few muscle groups in left lower extremity (Table 2). She demonstrated 0–1/2 scores for light touch sensation below T5, indicating absent or diminished sensation throughout her trunk and lower extremities but had intact sacral sensation. Therefore, initial physical therapy examination findings supported a T5 AIS-C classification SCI.
Psychosocial impact of hidradenitis suppurativa: a practical guide for clinicians
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Maximillian A. Weigelt, Sara F. Milrad, Joslyn R. S. Kirby, Hadar Lev-Tov
Body image as a construct pertains to perceptions, attitudes, cognitions, affect, and awareness of one’s body (35,36). The umbrella term of body image is composed of multiple interrelated, yet distinct domains. Psychometric analysis of the 35-item Dresden Body Image Questionnaire (DBIQ) highlights body acceptance, vitality, self-aggrandizement, physical contact and sexual fulfillment as domains (35). Body image is correlated with mental health and quality of life (35,37–39). Negative body image is both a cause and effect of psychological issues and comorbidities (35,40–42). It consistently correlates with common psychiatric disorders and with psychological maladjustment in non-clinical samples. It is particularly relevant to psychiatric disorders with appearance-related body image concerns (35) such as body dysmorphic disorder, which patients with disfiguring dermatologic conditions (e.g. HS) are at greater risk of developing (6). Cutaneous body image (CBI), which describes a person’s mental perception of the appearance of their integumentary system, may be relevant to HS (43,44). CBI affects individuals’ quality of life and can cause significant morbidity from dermatologic disorders; CBI dissatisfaction is correlated with self-injury, self-induced dermatoses and suicide (44). The disfiguring nature of HS lesions and the inflammation implicated in the pathogenesis of this disorder may both independently and synergistically contribute to the markedly increased negative body image experienced by HS patients (8,16,41).