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Nails
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
The cuticle is an area of keratin joining the posterior nail fold to the nail plate preventing bacteria and yeasts from getting into the soft tissues around the nail. If the cuticle is lost (usually due to chronic trauma to hands that are continually wet, or to eczema), infection can occur under the posterior or lateral nail folds to cause paronychia. There are two types:
Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Mammalian Skin
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Terminal hairs consist of a central portion, the medulla, which is poorly developed in humans. Surrounding the medulla is the cortex. This is the main constituent of the shaft. Cells in this layer are keratinized and carry the pigment of the hair. The outermost layer is the cuticle, which is also keratinized.217,219
General Surgery
Published in Tjun Tang, Elizabeth O'Riordan, Stewart Walsh, Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva, 2020
Rebecca Fish, Aisling Hogan, Aoife Lowery, Frank McDermott, Chelliah R Selvasekar, Choon Sheong Seow, Vishal G Shelat, Paul Sutton, Yew-Wei Tan, Thomas Tsang
What is the anatomy of the nail?The nail plate − body (exposed portion) and root (proximal portion covered by skin fold − eponychium). It rests on a nail bed (Figure 12.1).The germinal matrix runs from the lunula to the eponychium.The cuticle is the most distal edge of the eponychium.
Study of the permeation-promoting effect and mechanism of solid microneedles on different properties of drugs
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Huahua Li, Ziwei Peng, Yang Song, Minhang Dou, Xinying Lu, Minghui Li, Xiaofeng Zhai, Yan Gu, Rexidanmu· Mamujiang, Shouying Du, Jie Bai
The skin of isolated mice was placed in 0.25% (W/V) trypsin solution and left at room temperature for about 10 h. The skin cuticle was then carefully separated with cotton swabs, and the obtained cuticle pieces were rinsed with water and dried in a vacuum oven at 37 °C for 6 h. The dried skin cuticle was ground and grinded, weighed about 20 mg in a 10 mL EP tube, and 1 mL of drug-containing solution (curcumin, ferulic acid and geniposide) (0.5 mg·mL−1), vortexed and mixed, placed in a constant temperature water bath at 37 °C for 12 h, centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was appropriately diluted and injected according to the HPLC method for determination of drug content. The amount of drug added minus the amount of drug in the solvent was determined as the drug content in the cuticle and each group was operated three times in parallel (Xie et al., 2016). The partition coefficient (K) of the drug in the SC to the medium was calculated according to Eq. (3) as follows: (SC) and C(vehicle) are the drug concentration in the SC and medium (i.e. supernatant), respectively.
Solanaceae glycoalkaloids: α-solanine and α-chaconine modify the cardioinhibitory activity of verapamil
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Szymon Chowański, Magdalena Winkiel, Monika Szymczak-Cendlak, Paweł Marciniak, Dominika Mańczak, Karolina Walkowiak-Nowicka, Marta Spochacz, Sabino A. Bufo, Laura Scrano, Zbigniew Adamski
For all experiments, only 4-week-old adult insects were used, and the heart preparations were prepared as described previously by Chowański and Rosiński (2017); Pacholska-Bogalska et al. (2018). First, the insects were anaesthetized with CO2 for 8 min. Then, after decapitation, the wings and legs were removed. For the next step, only the abdomen was used. With microsurgical scissors and tweezers, the ventral side of the cuticle was removed. The preparations were washed with saline and the visceral organs (fat body, gut, Malpighian tubules and reproductive system) were removed. Subsequently, the semi-isolated heart was placed in saline and left for 10 min to restore the normal rhythm of heart contraction. After checking the condition of hearts, they were placed in the incubation chamber of the microdensitometer.
Impacts of ionization radiation on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile and mating success of male house crickets (Acheta domesticus)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Tamara M. Fuciarelli, C. David Rollo
Understanding the impacts of radiation stress on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles is of relevance to the economically important sterile insect technique (SIT). The SIT refers to the release of radiation sterilized males into the breeding population, resulting in a reduction of female fertility and thus the target population as a whole (Dyck et al. 2005). However, the SIT functions under the paradigm that males are exposed to doses of radiation that sterilize them but allow them to remain competitive amongst their non-irradiated counterparts (Dyck et al. 2005). As female insects have been shown to have preference for a particular cuticular profile in males, any subtle changes to the profile can result in devastating impacts on male competitiveness (Peschke 1987; Kortet and Hedrick 2005; Thomas and Simmons, 2009). Several studies have indicated that other stressors such as dietary condition can alter the cuticle profile and alter conspecific responses (Henneken et al. 2017). Other studies have shown stress responses to the cuticular profile alterations are stress specific. A study conducted by Engl et al. (2018) described alterations to male Tsetse fly cuticular hydrocarbon profiles when exposed to antibiotic treatment but not to ionizing radiation (Engl et al. 2018).